Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals

Front Cover

Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Contributors

Preface

List of Reviewers for Chapters in This Volume

Definitions of Selected Terms

Chapter 1. Pharmacology of Injectable Anesthetics

I. Introduction

II. Barbiturates

III. Hypnotics

IV. Cyclohexamines: Dissociative Anesthetics

V. Steroids

VI. a2-Agonists

VII. Sedatives and Tranquilizers

VIII. Local/Regional Anesthesia

IX. Anesthetic Combinations

References

Additional Reading

Chapter 2. Pharmacology of Inhalation Anesthetics

I. Introduction

II. Chemical and Physical Properties

III. Mode of Action

IV. Uptake, Distribution, and Elimination

V. Inhaled Anesthetics

VI. Measurement and Quantification of Anesthetic Concentration for Research

VII. Health Risks Associated with Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gases

References

Chapter 3. Pharmacology of Analgesics

I. Introduction

II. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

III. Opioids

IV. a2-Adrenergic Agonists

V. a2-Antagonists

VI. Analgesic Adjuvants

VII. Future Prospects

References

Chapter 4. Paralytic Agents

I. Introduction

II. Classification of Paralytic Agents

III. Measuring Neuromuscular Function

References

Chapter 5. Monitoring of Anesthesia

I. Introduction to Anesthetic Monitoring

II. Physiological Systems of Importance

III. Summary and Conclusions

References

Chapter 6. Monitoring of Analgesia

I. Introduction

II. Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Pain

III. Mechanisms of Analgesia

IV. Pain Perception

V. Pain and Stress

VI. Determining When to Treat Pain

VII. Experimental Pain Models

References

Chapter 7. Anesthesia Equipment: Types and Uses

I. Introduction

II. Compressed Gases

III. Anesthetic Machines

IV. Breathing Circuits

V. Testing and Maintenance of Anesthetic Machines

VI. Ventilators

VII. Induction Chambers and Masks

VIII. Fluid Delivery Systems

IX. Monitors

X. Patient Support Equipment

XI. Ancillary Equipment

References

Chapter 8. Design of Surgical Suites and Postsurgical Care Units

I. Introduction

II. Design Considerations

III. Planning of Surgical Facility

IV. Construction of Surgical Facility

V. Conclusion

References

Chapter 9. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rodents

I. Introduction

II. Unique Features of Rodent Anesthesia and Analgesia

III. Preoperative Patient Evaluation and Care

IV. Methods of Anesthetic Delivery/Equipment

V. Inhalant Anesthetics

VI. Parenteral General Anesthetics

VII. Regional Anesthesia

VIII. Intraoperative Anesthetic Monitoring and Support

IX. Postoperative Supportive Care

X. Acute and Chronic Analgesic Therapy

XI. Special Anesthetic Considerations

Appendix

References

Chapter 10. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rabbits

I. Introduction

II. Preoperative Considerations

III. Methods of Delivery or Administration

IV. Parenteral Techniques

V. Inhalation Anesthesia

VI. Regional Anesthesia

VII. Special Anesthetic Considerations

VIII. Intraoperative Support and Monitoring

IX. Postoperative Considerations

X. Analgesia

Appendix

References

Chapter 11. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Nonhuman Primates

I. Introduction

II. Preoperative Evaluation

III. Anesthetic Delivery

IV. Anticholinergic Drugs

V. Parenteral Anesthetics

VI. Muscle Relaxants

VII. Inhalational Anesthetics

VIII. Intraoperative Monitoring

IX. Intraoperative Support

X. Special Anesthetic Considerations

XI. Postoperative Care

XlI. Summary

References

Chapter 12. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs, Cats, and Ferrets

Introduction

Part A: Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs and Cats

I. Preanesthetic Evaluation

II. Delivery of Anesthetics and Adjunctive Drugs

III. Preanesthetic Medications

IV. Intravenous Agents for Induction or Maintenance of General Anesthesia

V. Balanced Anesthesia

VI. Overview of Inhalation Anesthesia

VII. Hemodynamic Effects of Inhalational Anesthesia

VIII. Methods of Inhalational Induction of Anesthesia

IX. Intraoperative Monitoring and Physiological Support

X. Postoperative Care

XI. Postoperative Analgesia

XII. Specific Considerations

References

Part B: Anesthesia and Analgesia in Ferrets

I. Introduction

II. Unique Features of Ferret Anesthesia

III. Preoperative Patient Evaluation and Care

IV. Methods of Anesthetic Delivery and Equipment

V. Sedatives and Tranquilizers

VI. Parenteral Anesthetics

VII. Inhalant Anesthesia

VIII. Regional Anesthesia

IX. Monitoring of Anesthesia

X. Intraoperative and Postoperative Supportive Care

XI. Acute and Chronic Analgesic Therapy

References

Chapter 13. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Ruminants

I. Introduction

II. Animal Health Considerations

III. Preparation for Anesthesia

IV. Local and Regional Anesthesia

V. Epidural or Spinal Anesthesia

VI. Pharmacologic Considerations for Anesthesia of Ruminants

VII. Sedation and Premedication

VIII. Induction of General Anesthesia

IX. Intubation Techniques

X. Maintenance of Anesthesia

XI. Monitoring of Anesthetized Ruminants

XII. Support during Anesthesia

XIII. Anesthetic Recovery and Postoperative Care

XIV. Pain Perception and Evaluation

XV. Pain Management

References

Chapter 14. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Swine

I. Anatomic and Physiologic Characteristics

II. Anesthetic Delivery

III. Inhalational Anesthesia

IV. Injectable Anesthetics and Tranquilizers

V. Regional Anesthesia

VI. Analgesia

VII. Intraoperative Support and Monitoring

VIII. Postsurgical Care

IX. Special Anesthetic Considerations

Appendix

References

Chapter 15. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Nontraditional Laboratory Animal Species

I. Introduction

II. Mammals

III. Birds

IV. Reptiles

V. Amphibians

VI. Fish

VII. Invertebrates

Appendix

References

Chapter 16. Postoperative Support and Intensive Care

I. Introduction

II. Facilities and Equipment for Postoperative and Intensive Care

III. General Nursing Care Protocols

IV. Personnel Training

V. Record Keeping

VI. Monitoring

VII. Postoperative Care

VIII. Nutritional Support

IX. Vascular Catheter Placement and Care

X. Fluid Therapy

XI. Conclusion

References

Chapter 17. Current Research in Anesthesia and Trends in Clinical Applications

I. Introduction

II. Novel Sites for Anesthetic Drug Action

III. Novel Drugs

IV. Anesthetic Delivery

References

Appendix

Index