Handbook of Asian Management

FOREWORD

REFERENCES

PREFACE

Part I INTRODUCTION

1 TAKING STOCK AND CHARTING A PATH FOR ASIAN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

INTRODUCTION

WHAT DOES RESEARCH IN ASIA OFFER?

Asia as a source of problems and phenomena

Asia as a theory-testing ground

Asia as a source of constructs and theory

Asia as an alternative cluster of management systems

ISSUES FOR THE FUTURE

Are all Asians Alike?

Configurational Approaches

Interplay of Emic and Etic Traditions

Interaction Processes

Methodological Rigor

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

2 ETIC AND EMIC APPROACHES TO ASIAN MANAGEMENT RESEARCH

EMIC AND ETIC APPROACHES

The Concepts

The Etic–Emic Divide

DIALECTICS BETWEEN EMIC AND ETIC APPROACHES

Imposed Etics

Etics That Aim to Explain Cultural Differences

Emics That Stand Out

Integrative Approaches

SUGGESTIONS FOR RESEARCH

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

REFERENCES

Part II STRATEGY

3 TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGY THEORY

INTRODUCTION

Current State of Research

How is Strategy Different?

Limits of Cultural Impact

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES

Institutional Environment

The Role of Governments8

Rate of Change

Regional Diversity

Business Networks

Governance Systems

Explaining the Differences

Research Implications

The Way Forward

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

NOTES

REFERENCES

4 CONTEXT, CONFIGURATION AND CAPABILITY

THE CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATION DESIGN IN THE ASIAN CONTEXT

INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT AND ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN: SIX CONFIGURATIONS

Government Linked Enterprises (GLEs)

Family Business Groups (FBGs)

Chaebol

Keiretsu & Kaisha

Mainland China State-led Business Groups (CBGs)

Production Networks and Global Commodity Chains

CONFIGURATION AND CAPABILITY

GLE Capabilities

FBG Capabilities

Chaebol Capabilities

Keiretsu & Kaisha Capabilities

CBG Capabilities

Global Commodity Chain Capabilities

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

5 FIRM DIVERSIFICATION IN ASIA

INTRODUCTION

WESTERN BASED AND DOMINANT PARADIGMS OF DIVERSIFICATION RESEARCH

REVIEW OF EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON DIVERSIFICATION IN ASIA

The People’s Republic of China (the PRC)

Taiwan

Hong Kong

Japan

South Korea

Singapore

India

Comparative studies

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

6 THE ASIAN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION

BACKGROUND

ASIAN MULTINATIONALS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

IS THE ASIAN MULTINATIONAL A THEORETICALLY ANOMALOUS PHENOMENON?

MOTIVATIONS AND PROFILE OF ASIAN MULTINATIONALS

STRATEGY OF THE ASIAN MULTINATIONALS

THE ASIAN MULTINATIONALS’ BASIS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS

TYPOLOGY OF ASIAN MULTINATIONALS

Expatriate multinationals

Ethnic Multinationals

Government Linked Firms

Intermediators

Advanced Intermediators

Regional MNCs

The Undiversified Global Players

The Diversified Global Players

FUTURE RESEARCH ON ASIAN MULTINATIONALS

NOTES

REFERENCES

7 ASIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH

THE CONTEXT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR IN ASIA

ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR AND ASIAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESEARCH

ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Traits and Characteristics

Networks and Guanxi

Gender

MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Governmental Policy

Finance, Taxation, and Development Schemes

Venture Capital

Societal and Entrepreneurial Culture and Religion

OPPORTUNITY IDENTIFICATION

Business Founding

Growth in Number of Firms

Market and Niche Entry Strategies

Rural Entrepreneurship

BUSINESS GROWTH

Growth within the Entrepreneurial Firm

Entrepreneurial Competence

Innovation and Corporate Entrepreneurship

International Venturing

BUSINESS SURVIVAL

Professional Managers and Consultants

Succession and Survival

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

REFERENCES

8 THE DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN ASIA

INTRODUCTION

ALTERNATIVE PARADIGMS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

MANAGERIAL APPROACH: CORPORATE

CULTURALISM AND CULTURE AS A VARIABLE

ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH: ORGANIZATION AS CULTURE

CRITICAL AND POSTMODERN APPROACHES: CULTURE AS TARGET OF CRITICISM

EPISTEMOLOGICAL ISSUES IN THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES AND HOFSTEDE’S MIXED LEGACY

THE DILEMMA OF QUALITATIVE APPROACHES

CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON “ ASIAN” MANAGEMENT

PAROCHIAL UTOPIAN VIEWS AND THE FAILURE OF CORPORATE CULTURALISM

THE YING AND YANG OF CONFUCIAN TRADITION

SURPRISING EAST–WEST CONNECTIONS

TOWARD REFLEXIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND TRANSNATIONAL DIALOGUES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

9 WESTERN AND ASIAN BUSINESS ETHICS

INTRODUCTION

PART ONE: MACRO-APPROACHES TO COMPARATIVE

BUSINESS ETHICS

Section One: Normative Macro-Approaches

Empirical Macro-Approaches

Section Three: Problems with Normative and Empirical Macro- Approaches & Recommendations for Future Research

PART TWO: MICRO-APPROACHES TO BUSINESS ETHICS

Section One: Normative Micro-Approaches

Section Two: Empirical Micro- Approaches

Section Three: Problems with Normative and Empirical Micro- Approaches & Recommendations for Future Research

REFERENCES

Part III ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

10 ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR EAST AND WEST

EAST MEETS WEST

The Rise and Fall of “Japanese Management”

China: The Big Dragon as a Silent Sounding Board

IN SEARCH OF AN EASTERN CONSTRUCT

IN SEARCH OF AN EASTERN INSTRUMENT

THE INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT

ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR EAST AND THE FUTURE OF ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR

WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

REFERENCES

11 KEEPING OTHERS IN MIND

INTRODUCTION

MODES OF THINKING: RELATIONSHIPS AND CONTEXT VS. INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS

MAKING SENSE OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORS

Comparing Employees

Assessing the Causes of Actions

Assessing the Reasons for Work Performance

Summary

SOCIALLY RESPONSIVE DECISION-MAKING

Socially Sanctioned Decision Rules

Estimates about the Uncertain

The Social Route to Persuasion

Summary

PROCESSING AS A GROUP

Decision-Making as a Group

Integration and Different Perspectives

Summary

Decision-Making Syndromes

DISCUSSION

NOTE

REFERENCES

12 WORK MOTIVATION IN ASIA

INTRODUCTION

THE PRESENT REVIEW

REVIEW THEMES

National versus Cultural Differences

Comparing Mean Differences versus Patterns

Etic versus Emic

ASIAN PROGRESS AND RESEARCH STYLES

Integrating ‘Time’ in our Research

CONTEXTUAL RELEVANCE

CONCLUSION

Looking to the Future

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

13 LEADERSHIP RESEARCH IN ASIA

LEADING IN ASIA: APPLYING EASTERN VALUES AND WESTERN THEORY

DEFINING LEADERSHIP

ASIAN VALUES: ORGANIZATION AS A FAMILY

Relationships

Leader as Head

Impact of Asian Research

UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

Leader Orientations and Approaches

The GLOBE Program

Comparisons across Asia

Methodological Issues

Negotiating Leadership

THE CROSS-CULTURAL CHALLENGE

Event Management Approach

COOPERATION AND COMPETITION RESEARCH

Theory

Field Studies on Leadership in Asian Organizations

Experiments on Power and Conflict

Cross-Cultural Studies

Applying the Theory in Asia

CONCLUDING COMMENTS

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

14 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND EFFECTIVE DECISION MAKING

INTRODUCTION

International Business Success

The Traits of Successful Sojourners: Linkages to Cultural Differences

Traits: Personality in Culture

Traits: Using and Sharing Skills

Dealing With Cultural Differences: Preparation

Culture and Interaction Styles

Various Cultural Differences and Their Impacts on

International Business Dealings

Cross-Cultural Communication and Technology

Multinational Organizations and High Order Communication

Language Specific v. Holistic Communication Styles

REFERENCES

15 IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER

INTRODUCTION

Frameworks for Understanding Culture

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE AND CULTURE

Incorporating Culture into Models of Distributive Justice

Distributive Justice Research: How Culture Shapes the Allocation of Rewards

PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND CULTURE

Incorporating Culture into Theories of Procedural Justice

Procedural Justice Research: How Culture Shapes the Interpretation of Fair Process

AT THE CROSSROADS: DISTRIBUTIVE AND PROCEDURAL JUSTICE TOGETHER

Within Culture Studies of Justice

Comparative Studies of Justice

JUSTICE, CULTURE AND FUTURE RESEARCH

JUSTICE, CULTURE AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

16 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN ASIA

INTRODUCTION

CONSTRUCTS FROM ASIA

Collectivism

Indirect Communication

Hierarchy

INCORPORATING CULTURAL FINDINGS INTO A

FRAMEWORK OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION

DEFINING FRAMES, SCHEMAS, AND SCRIPTS

DELINEATING THE FRAMES, SCHEMAS, AND SCRIPTS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION

CONFLICT FRAMES

CONFLICT SCRIPTS

CONFLICT SCHEMAS

Collectivism

Indirect Communication

Hierarchy

RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE FRAMEWORK ELEMENTS

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE QUESTIONS

NOTE

REFERENCES

17 A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON DIVERSITY AND GROUP DYNAMICS IN ASIA

INTRODUCTION

DIVERSITY AND GROUP DYNAMICS

NEW PERSPECTIVES ON DIVERSITY AND GROUP DYNAMICS IN ASIA

Hierarchical Complementarity vs. Heterogeneous Age Diversity

Leader’s Diversity in Experience vs. Horizontal Functional Diversity among Members

Democratic Co-existence of Diversity vs. the Catalytic Transformation of Homogeneity

DISCUSSION

NOTES

REFERENCES

18 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ASIA

A REVIEW OF THE ASIAN CONTEXT AND HRM PRACTICES

The Asian Context

HRM Practices in Asia

A MODEL OF THE EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP

The Nature of the Employment Relationship

Employment Relationship and HRM

Contextual Influence

ASIAN HRM REVISITED

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

More eBooks at www.ciando.com