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Preface
5
Contents
6
Part I Basics
14
The Biology of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
15
Low Back Pain: Where Does the Pain Come From?
23
The Role of Cytokines in the Degenerative Spine
28
Psychosocial Aspects of Low Back Pain
33
Instability and Low Back Pain
38
Part II Diagnosis
46
Dynamic MRI of the Spine
47
Assessment of Status of End Plate and Diffusion in Degenerative Disc Disease
54
The Role of Physician Extenders in a Low Back Pain Practice
63
Part III Conservative Treatment
68
Natural Evolution of Nonspecific Low- Back Pain
69
Prescribing Conservative Treatment for Low Back Pain
76
Comprehensive Rehabilitation for Low back Pain and Back Schools
82
The Place of Chiropractic Care in the Treatment of Low Back Pain
87
Efficacy of IDET and PIRFT for the Treatment of Discogenic Low Back Pain
97
Lumbar Orthoses to Prevent and Treat Low- Back Pain
103
Part IV Surgical Treatment: Fusion
109
Indication for Lumbar Spinal Fusion
110
Evidence for Efficacy of Pedicle- Based Systems
124
Low Back Pain Is Not an Indication for Stabilisation in Patients Operated for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
127
Hybrid Construct for DDD in the Lumbar Spine: The Compromise Between Fusion and Nonfusion
131
The Management of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
136
Transpedicular-Transdiscal-Transcorporal ( TPDC)- Fixation
145
Facet Problems: A Surgical Indication?
153
Adjacent Level Disease: “Myth” or “Fact”
157
Pelvic Girdle Pain: Indication for Surgery?
163
Blood Loss Management in Major Spine Surgery
167
Part V Surgical Treatment: Other Technologies
172
How Disc Replacement Fits in the Treatment Algorithm for Degenerative Disc Disease: Refining Indications for Disc Replacement
173
Clinical Factors that May Affect Outcome in Lumbar Total Disc Replacement. What Is the Evidence?
178
A Prospective Randomized Comparison of Two Lumbar Total Disk Replacements
187
Limitations of Lumbar Disk Arthroplasty
192
Is Posterior Dynamic Stabilization an Option to Avoid Adjacent Segment Decompensation?
199
Immediate Biomechanical Effects of Lumbar Posterior Dynamic Stabilisation
204
Overview of Pedicle Screw-Based Posterior Dynamic Stabilization Systems
212
Semirigid Fixation System for the Lumbar Spine
218
Nonrigid Stabilization of the Spine – Problems Observed: Screw Loosening/ Breakage/ Implant Failure/ Adjacent Segment Degeneration
223
Interspinous Implants: State of the Art and Research of Evidence
230
NuBac Disc Arthroplasty System: Rationale and Clinical Results
238
Part VI Outcomes
246
Outcome Assessment for Cost-Utility Evaluations: SF- 6D vs. EQ- 5D
247
Review of the Medical Evidence Regarding the Surgical Treatment of Low Back Pain
255
Index
266
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