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Femtosecond Laser Filamentation
of: See Leang Chin
Springer-Verlag, 2010
ISBN: 9781441906885 , 130 Pages
Format: PDF, Read online
Copy protection: DRM
Preface
7
Acknowledgement
9
Contents
10
1 Introduction
13
1.1 Mature Physics and New Development
13
1.2 Phase Effect of a Laser Pulse Propagating in an Optical Medium
15
1.3 Multiphoton and Tunnel Ionization
16
1.4 Optical Breakdown
18
1.5 Intense Femtosecond Laser Beam Attenuation
20
2 Filamentation Physics
22
2.1 Some Experimental Observations
22
2.2 Experimental Definition of a Filament by Burn Paper
26
2.3 Single Filamentation Physics
27
2.3.1 Slice-by-Slice Self-Focusing
27
2.3.2 Intensity Clamping
32
2.3.3 Is There Optical Breakdown During Filamentation?
34
2.3.4 Effect of External Focusing
36
2.3.5 Background Energy Reservoir
37
2.3.6 Self-Spatial Mode Filtering
42
2.3.7 Self-Phase Modulation, Self-Steepening and White Light Laser (Supercontinuum)
43
2.3.8 Conical Emission
47
2.3.9 Ring Structure at the Pump Wavelength
49
2.3.10 Self-Pulse Compression
49
2.3.11 X-wave
51
2.4 Full Evolution of a Single Filament
51
2.5 Maturity of a Filament
57
2.6 Filamentation Without Ionization
57
2.7 What Is a Filament?
58
3 Theory of Single Filamentation
60
3.1 Introduction
60
3.2 Filamentation in Air
60
3.3 Numerical Solution of Filamentation in Air
62
3.4 Filamentation in Condensed Matter
66
3.5 x-Wave and Conical Emission1
66
4 Multiple Filamentation
71
4.1 Introduction
71
4.2 Multiple Filamentation: Experimental Observation
71
4.3 Interference and Competition of Multiple Filaments
74
4.4 Theory of Multiple Filamentation
77
4.5 The Challenge of Long Distance Filamentation
78
4.6 Long Distance Multiple Filamentation Control
78
5 Filamentation Nonlinear Optics: General
81
5.1 Self-Actions
81
5.2 Self-Remote Projection in Air
82
5.3 Self-Pulse Compression
83
5.4 Exploitations of the Self-Actions
84
6 Filamentation Nonlinear Optics: Third Harmonic Generation and Four-Wave-Mixing Inside a Filament
87
6.1 Introduction
87
6.2 Third Harmonic Generation Inside a Filament in Air (Theoretical Analysis)
87
6.3 Experiment on THG in Air
93
6.4 Conical Emission and Superbroadening of the Third Harmonic in Air
95
6.5 Efficient Tunable Few Cycle Visible Pulse Generation Through Four-Wave-Mixing Inside the Filament Core
95
6.6 Self-Group-Phase Locking During Four-Wave-Mixing Inside a Filament
98
6.7 Derivation of Equation ( 6.1 )
99
7 Remote Sensing Using Filamentation
102
7.1 Introduction
102
7.2 Remote Control of Filamentation
103
7.3 Physical Considerations
105
7.4 Detection of Chemical and Biological Agents in Air
106
7.4.1 Molecules in the Gas/Vapor Phase
106
7.4.2 Biological Targets
108
7.4.3 Metallic Targets
109
7.4.4 Water Aerosols Containing Metallic Salts
109
7.5 Conclusion and Looking Ahead
110
8 Challenges Ahead
111
8.1 Multiple Filamentation
112
8.1.1 Why Does a Large Diameter Beam Diverge Slowly Over Long Distances When There Is Multiple Filamentation?
112
8.1.2 Filament Collaboration
112
8.1.3 Optimum Wavelength to Produce the Broadest and Strongest White Light
113
8.1.4 Filament Control Using a Deformable Mirror
113
8.2 Time-Resolved Excitation of Superexcited States of Molecules
114
8.3 Ultrafast Birefringence
117
8.3.1 Filament-Induced Birefringence
118
8.3.2 Excitation of Molecular Rotational Wave Packets in Air and Polarization Separation
122
8.3.3 Just the Beginning of Filament-Induced Birefringence
126
References
127
Index
133
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