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The Interstellar Medium
of: James Lequeux
Springer-Verlag, 2005
ISBN: 9783540266938 , 440 Pages
Format: PDF, Read online
Copy protection: DRM
Foreword
6
Contents
9
1 Our Galaxy, Host of the Interstellar Medium
15
1.1 Our Galaxy: Orders of Magnitude
16
1.2 Stellar Populations
19
1.3 Distribution of Interstellar Matter
23
2 Radiations and Magnetic Fields
27
2.1 Radiation Fields
27
2.2 The Interstellar Magnetic Fields
34
3 Radiative Transfer and Excitation
41
3.1 The Transfer Equation
41
3.2 Two-Level System out of LTE
47
3.3 The General Case; Masers
53
4 The Neutral Interstellar Gas
59
4.1 The Atomic Neutral Gas
59
4.2 The Molecular Component
77
5 The Ionized Interstellar Gas
100
5.1 Hii Regions
100
5.2 The Diffuse Ionized Gas
123
5.3 The Hot Gas
125
5.4 The X-Ray Absorption
130
6 The Interstellar Medium at High Energies
132
6.1 Cosmic Rays
132
6.2 The Gamma-Ray Continuum
146
6.3 The Mass of the Interstellar Medium
150
6.4 The Gamma-Ray Lines
158
7 Interstellar Dust
162
7.1 Interstellar Reddening and Extinction
163
7.2 Interstellar Dust Emission
172
7.3 Global Dust Models
186
7.4 Infrared Absorptions and Ice Mantles
187
7.5 The Infrared Fluorescence
190
8 Heating and Cooling of the Interstellar Gas
191
8.1 Heating Processes
192
8.2 Cooling Processes
209
8.3 Thermal Equilibrium and Stability
215
9 Interstellar Chemistry
221
9.1 Gas-Phase Chemistry
221
9.2 Chemistry on Dust Grains
227
9.3 Equilibrium Chemistry and Chemical Kinetics
231
9.4 Some Results
233
10 Photodissociation Regions
239
10.1 General Presentation
239
10.2 Physico-Chemistry
241
10.3 Stationary Models
245
10.4 Out of Equilibrium Models
252
11 Shocks
253
11.1 The Equations of Gas Dynamics
253
11.2 Different Types of Shocks
256
11.3 Non-Stationary Shocks
264
11.4 Physico-Chemistry in Shocks
266
11.5 Radiation and the Diagnosis of Shocks
269
11.6 Instabilities in Shocks
271
12 Shock Applications
274
12.1 Supernova Remnants
274
12.2 Bubbles
283
12.3 The Dynamics of Hii Regions
285
12.4 The Acceleration of Cosmic Rays
295
13 Interstellar Turbulence
312
13.1 Velocity Structure and Fragmentation
312
13.2 Incompressible Turbulence
315
13.3 Turbulence in the Interstellar Medium
320
13.4 Some Effects of Interstellar Turbulence
323
14 Equilibrium, Collapse and Star Formation
331
14.1 Stability and Instability: the Virial Theorem
331
14.2 Collapse and Fragmentation
350
14.3 The End of Collapse: Star Formation
357
14.4 The Initial Mass Function and Its Origin
358
15 Changes of State and Transformations
362
15.1 Atomic, Molecular andWarm Ionized Gas
363
15.2 Hot Gas and the Galactic Fountain
369
15.3 Gas–Dust Exchange
372
15.4 Evolution of Interstellar Dust
374
A Designation of the Most Used Symbols
379
B Principal Physical Constants
382
C Journal Titles Abbreviations
385
References
386
Index
400
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