Pile Design and Construction Rules of Thumb

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

PART 1: Introduction to Pile Selection

Chapter 1 Site Investigation and Soil Conditions

1.1 Literature Survey

1.2 Site Visit

1.3 Subsurface Investigation

1.4 Soil Types

1.5 Design Parameters

1.6 Selection of Foundation Type

Chapter 2 Pile Types

2.1 Timber Piles

2.2 Steel H-Piles

2.3 Pipe Piles

2.4 Precast Concrete Piles

2.5 Casing Removal Type

2.6 Precast Piles with Grouted Base

2.7 Mandrel-Driven Piles

2.8 Composite Piles

2.9 Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Piles (FRP Piles)

Chapter 3 Selection of Pile Type

CASE 1

CASE 2

CASE 3

PART 2: Design of Pile Foundations

Chapter 4 Pile Design in Sandy Soils

4.1 Equations for End Bearing Capacity in Sandy Soils

4.2 Equations for Skin Friction in Sandy Soils

4.3 Pile Design Using the Meyerhof Equation (Correlation with SPT (N)

4.4 Modified Meyerhof Equation

4.5 Parameters that Affect the End Bearing Capacity

4.6 Critical Depth for Skin Friction (Sandy Soils)

4.7 Critical Depth for End Bearing Capacity (Sandy Soils)

Chapter 5 Pile Design in Clay Soils

5.1 Shear Strength (Clays)

5.2 Cohesion in Clay Soils

5.3 End Bearing Capacity in Clay Soils (Different Methods)

5.4 Skin Friction in Clay Soils (Different Methods)

5.5 Bored Piles in Clay Soils

5.6 Case Study: Foundation Design Options

5.7 Maximum Allowable Pile Loads

Chapter 6 Pile Design: Special Situations

6.1 Timber Pile Design

6.2 Case Study—Bridge Pile Design (Timber Piles)

6.3 Auger Cast Pile Design (Empirical Method)

6.4 Capacity of Grouted Base Piles

6.5 Case Study: Comparison between Bored Piles and Driven Piles

6.6 Case Study: Friction Piles

6.7 Open-End Pipe Pile Design—Semi-empirical Approach

6.8 Design of Pin Piles—Semi-empirical Approach

6.9 Recommended Guidelines for Pile Design

6.10 ASTM Standards for Pile Design

6.11 Case Study: Prestressed Concrete Piles

6.12 Driving Stresses

6.13 Maximum Allowable Driving Stresses

6.14 Uplift Forces

6.15 Load Distribution—Skin Friction and End Bearing

Chapter 7 Design of Caissons

7.1 Design of Caissons

7.2 Construction Methodology of Caissons (Dry Method)

7.3 Caisson Inspection in Soil

7.4 Meyerhof Equation for Caissons

7.5 Caisson Design for Uplift Forces

7.6 Caisson Design in Sandy Soils

7.7 Belled Caisson Design

7.8 Settlement of Caissons

Chapter 8 Design of Pile Groups

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Eccentric Loading on a Pile Group

8.3 Double Eccentricity

8.4 Pile Groups in Clay Soils

Chapter 9 Pile Settlement

9.1 Pile Settlement Measurement

9.2 Stiffness of Single Piles

9.3 Settlement of Single Piles (Semi-empirical Approach)

9.4 Pile Settlement Comparison (End Bearing vs. Floating)

9.5 Critical Depth for Settlement

9.6 Pile Group Settlement in Sandy Soils

9.7 Long-Term Pile Group Settlement in Clay Soils

9.8 Long-Term Pile Group Settlement in Clay Soils—Janbu Method

9.9 Pile Group Settlement in Sandy Soils

9.10 Pile Group Settlement vs. Single Pile Settlement

Pile Group Design (Capacity and Settlement)—Example

Chapter 10 Pile Design in Rock

10.1 Rock Coring and Logging

10.2 Oriented Rock Coring

10.3 Oriented Core Data

10.4 Rock Mass Classification

10.5 Q System

10.6 Caisson Design in Rock

PART 3: Design Strategies

Chapter 11 Lateral Loading Analysis

11.1 Winkler Modulus for Piles

11.2 Lateral Loading Analysis—Simple Procedure

Chapter 12 Load Distribution Inside Piles

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Computation of the Loading Inside a Pile

Chapter 13 Neutral Plane Concept

13.1 Introduction

Chapter 14 Negative Skin Friction and Bitumen-Coated Pile Design

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Bitumen-Coated Pile Installation

14.3 Bitumen-Coated Pile Design

14.4 Case Study: Bitumen-Coated Piles

Chapter 15 Pile Design in Expansive Soils

Piles in Expansive Soil

Identification of Expansive Soils

Pile Design Options

Pile Caps

Chapter 16 Wave Equation Analysis

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Soil Strength under Rapid Loading

16.3 Wave Equation Analysis Software

Chapter 17 Batter Piles

Negative Skin Friction

Force Polygon for Figure 17.1a

Force Polygon for Figure 17.1b

Design Example 1

Design Example 2

Center of Gravity of Piles

Row 1

Chapter 18 Vibratory Hammers „ Design of Piles

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Vibratory Hammer Properties

18.3 Ultimate Pile Capacity

Chapter 19 Seismic Analysis of Piles

19.1 A Short Course on Seismology

19.2 Seismic Pile Design

19.3 Design of Piles for Kinematic Loadings

19.4 Seismic Pile Design—Inertial Loads

19.5 Liquefaction Analysis

19.6 General Guidelines for Seismic Pile Design

Chapter 20 Pile Design Software

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Boundary Element Method

20.3 Lateral Loading Analysis—Computer Software

20.4 Spile

Chapter 21 Dynamic Analysis

21.1 Engineering News Formula

21.2 Danish Formula

PART 4: Construction Methods

Chapter 22 Pile Hammers

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Steam-Operated Pile Hammers

22.3 Diesel Hammers

22.4 Hydraulic Hammers

22.5 Vibratory Hammers

22.6 Pile-Driving Procedure

Chapter 23 Pile Inspection

23.1 Pile-Driving Inspector’s Checklist

23.2 Review of the Geotechnical Engineering Report

23.3 Inspection of Piles Prior to Installation

23.4 Inspection of Pile-Driving Equipment (prior to driving and during driving)

23.5 Pile-Driving Inspection Report

23.6 General Guidelines for Selecting a Pile Hammer

23.7 Pile Driving Through Obstructions

23.8 Pile Hammer Selection Guide

23.9 Pile Heave and Re-Driving

23.10 Soil Displacement During Pile Driving

23.11 Pile Integrity Testing

23.12 Use of Existing Piles

23.13 Environmental Issues

23.14 Utilities

Chapter 24 Water Jetting

24.1 Water Jet Types

24.2 Ideal Water Pathway

24.3 Water Requirement

Chapter 25 Cost Estimate for Pile-Driving Projects

Chapter 26 Pile Load Tests

26.1 Introduction

26.2 Pile Load Test Data Form

Chapter 27 Underpinning

27.1 Introduction

27.2 Pier Underpinning

27.3 Jack Underpinning

27.4 Underpinning with Driven Piles

27.5 Mudjacking (Underpinning Concrete Slabs)

27.6 Underpinning: Case Study

Chapter 28 Offshore Piling

28.1 Seabed

28.2 Soil Types in Continental Crust

28.3 Offshore Structures

28.4 Drilled and Grouted Piles

Chapter 29 Tie Beams, Grade Beams, and Pile Caps

29.1 Pile Caps

Chapter 30 Design Drawings and As-Built Drawings

30.1 Design Drawing Preparation

30.2 As-Built Plans

APPENDIX

Appendix A Soil Mechanics Relationships

A.1 SPT (N) Value and Friction Angle (f)

A.2 Young’s Modulus of Clay Soils

A.3 Shear Modulus

Index