Handbook of Loss Prevention and Crime Prevention

Cover

Copyright Page

Contents

Contributing Authors

Preface

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1. Risk Assessment and Management

PART TWO: LOSS PREVENTION AND CRIME PREVENTION METHODS

Chapter 2. Designing Security with the Architects

Designing Security with the Architects

Designing Security and Layout of Site

Building SiteSecurity and Contractors

Ironmongery

Closed Circuit TV Checklist

Card Access ControlChecklist

Storage Rooms, Safes, and Vaults Checklist

Exterior Lighting Checklist

CrimePrevention Awareness Points

Appendix 2.A. Model Residential and Commercial BuildingSecurity Ordinance

Appendix 2.B. Standards

Chapter 3. Security Surveys

The Best Time to Conduct the Survey

Classification of Survey Recommendations

DevelopingSecurity Points

Nine Points of Security Concern

Personality of the Complex

Positive andNegative Aspects of Making Recommendations

Crime Analysis

Key Control

Closed CircuitTelevision

Intrusion Alarms

Lighting and Security

Security SurveyFollow-Up

Residential Security

Alarms

Appendix 3.A. Site Survey and Risk Assessment

Appendix 3.B. Physical Security Survey

Appendix 3.C. Plant Security Checklist

Appendix 3.D.Guard Security Checklist

Appendix 3.E. Office Security Checklist

Appendix 3.F. Home SecurityChecklist

Appendix 3.G. Fire Safety Inspection

Chapter 4. Internal Theft Controls

Introduction

What Is Honesty?

The Dishonest Employee

Management Responsibility in Loss

Program for Internal Security

Procedural Controls

When Controls Fail

Case Study

Summary

Chapter 5. Executive Protection

Rise of Terrorism in the United States

Formulating a Protection Plan

Threat Assessment

Planning

Home and Office Survey

Procedural Vulnerability

Physical Vulnerability

Protection in Transit

Everyday Security Awareness

If an Abduction Occurs

Chapter 6. Awareness

Awareness and Knowledge Strategies

Neighborhood Watch Guidelines

How to AvoidBecoming the Victim of an Attacker

Safety Checklist for Apartments

Robbery Prevention„Tips for Small Business

Burglary Prevention„Tips for Small Business

Suspicious Situations toReport

Vehicle Theft„a Big Problem

Safety Skills for Children

Street Smarts„How toProtect Oneself

The Con Artist

Crime Prevention Tips for Senior Citizens

Protection fromTelemarketing Fraud

Crime Prevention Tips at ATMs

Chapter 7. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Strategies and Applications

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Strategies

CPTED Applications

Objectives for the Commercial Environment

Downtown Streets and Pedestrian Areas.Parking Lots and Structures

Office and Industrial Systems

Hallways and Restrooms

Malls and Shopping Centers

Convenience Stores

Branch Banks

Objectives forthe Residential Environment

Objectives for the School Environment

Convention Centers andStadiums

PART THREE: SECURITY OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT

Chapter 8. Approaches to Physical Security

Levels of Physical Security

The Psychology of Maximum Security

The Value of Planning

Physical Barriers

The Security Plan

Conclusion

Chapter 9. Physical Barriers

Doors

Roofs

Floors

Fences

Walls and Moats

Chapter 10. The Use of Locks in Physical Crime Prevention

Lock Terminology and Components

Key-Operated Mechanisms

Combination Locks

Lock Bodies

Door Lock Types

Strikes

Attacks and Countermeasures

Locks and the SystemsApproach to Security

Key Control

A New Standard Set for Exit Devices, Locks, and Alarms

Appendix 10.A. Key Control and Lock Security Checklist

Appendix 10.B. Terms and Definitionsfor Door and Window Security

Chapter 11. Safes, Vaults, and Accessories

Choose the Right Container

UL-Rated Combination Locks

Relocking Devices

Locking Dials

Lockable Handles

Time Locks

Time-Delay Combination Locks

Alarmed Combination Locks

Vision-Restricting and Shielded Dials

Combination Changing

Safe Burglaries

OvercomingSafe-Opening Problems

Appendix 11.A. Rating Files, Safes, and Vaults

Chapter 12. Security Lighting

Illumination

Lamps

Twenty-Five Things You Need to Know about Lighting

Energy Management

Lighting Checklist

Protective Lighting Checklist

Chapter 13. Alarms: Intrusion Detection Systems

Components of Alarm Systems

Application

Alarm Control

Alarm Transmission/Signaling

Alarms Deter Crime

False Alarms

Alarm Equipment Overhaul

Additional Resources

Conclusion

Appendix 13.A. Smoke Detectors

Chapter 14. CCTV Surveillance

Protection of Assets: An Overview

History

Role of CCTV in Asset Protection

CCTV asPart of the Emergency and Disaster Plan

Emergency Shutdown and Restoration

SecurityInvestigations

Safety

The Security Officer’s Role

Training and Education of Employees

Synergythrough Integration

CCTV’s Role and Applications

Problems Solved by CCTV

Choice of Overt orCovert CCT

Security Surveillance Applications

Safety Applications

CCTV Access Control

TheBottom Line

Appendix 14.A. Glossary

Appendix 14.B. Designing Effective CCTV Systems

Chapter 15. Guard Service in the Twenty-First Century

Liabilities Connected with Guard Force

Power and Authority of the Security Guard

Training

Report Writing

Weapons Safety

Safety

Safety Checklist

Bomb Threats

Bomb Search

Fire Protection

Fire Prevention

Emergency Medical Assistance

Reporting a Medical Case

Guard Supervision

Conclusion

Chapter 16. Bomb and Physical Security Planning

Bombs

Bomb Threats

Why Prepare?

How to Prepare

Security against Bomb Incidents

Responding to Bomb Threats

Decision Time

Evacuation

Search Teams

Search Technique

When a Suspicious Object Is Located

Handling the News Media

Summary

Appendix 16.A.Suspect Package Alert

Appendix 16.B. Bomb Threat Checklist

Appendix 16.C. Mail Handlers andSuspicious Mail Procedures

PART FOUR: SECURITY AND CRIME PREVENTION APPLICATIONS

Chapter 17. Cargo Security: Intermoda/Logistics„The Complete Overview

Prevention Plan

Pilferage

Theft

Organized Crime

Cargo Package and Movement Controls

Trucking Operations

Appendix 17.A. Cargo Security Checklist

Appendix 17.B. PersonnelSecurity Checklist

Appendix 17.C. Physical Security Checklist

Appendix 17.D. InspectionReport Forms

Appendix 17.E. Documentation

Appendix 17.F. The Role of Private Security

Chapter 18. Lodging (Hotel/Motel) Security

Security Department Structure

Size of the Department

Reporting Level in the Organization

Role of Security

Training

Theft

Opportunities and Trends

Legal Issues

The Future ofLodging Security

Chapter 19. Retail Security: Lessons Learned from Convenience Store Research

New Challenges

Increase in Crime

The Research

Research Underway

The RecommendedProgram

Conclusions

Chapter 20. Putting an Extra EYE/IŽon CCTV: Managing Risk in Retail

Old Tech to New Tech

Rationale for Technology

Definition of Interactive

How InteractiveMonitoring Reduces Risk

How to Evaluate the Service Provider

Why Isn’t This Everywhere:Cost versus Availability?

How ICCTV Works

CCTV versus ICCTV

Chapter 21. Perspectives on Safe School Administration

Emphasize Crime and Deviance Prevention during Teacher Education

Maintain a Sense ofOwnership in School Grounds and the Surrounding Neighborhood

Conduct Periodic RiskAssessments or Security Surveys

Clearly State Rules and Regulations

Conduct a Crime andDeviance Analysis

Develop an Incident Mapping System

Utilize Parent Volunteers asMonitors and Student Aides

Institute After-School Programs

Security Considerations ShouldBe Incorporated from the Ground Up.Ž

Establish In-Class Communication between Teachersand Administration

Institute a Safety and Security Committee

Value the Contributions ofCustodial Personnel

Train Personnel in Graffiti Interpretation

Schools Need Central OfficeSupport

Value Aesthetics

Foster Students’ Beliefs They Are Connected to the School

DoNot Use Student Monitors

The Combustible EngineŽ Model of School Communities

Createa Crisis Management Plan

Train Personnel in Conflict Resolution

Implement CharacterEducation Curricula

Create Law-Related Education Modules to Be Incorporated in SocialStudies Courses

Establish Communities within Schools.Ž

Avoid Peer-Group Counseling

Instill an Awareness of the Dangers of Terrorism

Chapter 22. Campus Security and Crime Prevention

Communication

Key Elements in a Campus Crime Prevention Program

Commitment

Cycle of Activity

Specific Programs

The Campus Security Act of 1990

Neighborhood Watch on the the College Campus

Phones on Campus

Thefts in the Library

Bicycle Theft Prevention

Administration Office Security Programs

Operation Identification

Intrusion Alarms

Conclusion

Chapter 23. Hospitals and the Health-Care Security Environment

Categories of Health Care

Types of Hospitals

The Foundation of Health-Care Security: Risks

Basic Health-Care Security Risk and Areas of Vulnerability

Chapter 24. Library Security

Risk Assessment Terminology

Identifying Risks

Assessing Likelihood

Assessing Consequences

Qualifying Risks

Managing the Risk

The Scope of Security Problems in

Security Risk Management Strategies

Dealing with Specific Threats

Conclusion

Security Management Resources

Chapter 25. High-Rise Security and Fire Life Safety

High-Rise Assets

Threats to Security and Fire Life Safety

Security of Modern High-Rise

Fire Safety of Modern High-Rise Buildings

Summary

Chapter 26. Multiresidential Security

Apartments

Condominiums

Levels of Security

Personnel

Physical Security and Hardware

Procedures

The Elderly

Some Special Areas of Vulnerability

Disasters

Legislation

Basic Steps to Remember in Multiresidential Security

Chapter 27. Workplace Violence: Anticipation through Process, Not Prediction of Results Revisited

Causes and Avoidance of Claims of Inadequate Security

Job Applicant

Narrowing the Focus of the Workplace Violator Profile

Case Studies in Workplace Violence

OrganizationalDynamics

The TeamŽ Concept and Shared Expectations as an Approach to WorkplaceMotivation

Why Dont Subordinates Do What They Are Supposed to Do?Ž

Steps to Reducethe Opportunity for Workplace Violence

The Predatory Prevention Matrix

Process versusOutput, or the Difference between High CrimeŽ and High Profit.Ž

Uses of the PredatoryPrevention Matrix

An Apartment Case Study

The Magic Chair

Defense against WorkplaceViolence: Possible or Probable?

Chapter 28. Domestic Violence: Everyone’s Problem

What Is It

Who Are the Victims

Why Abusers Abuse

What We Do Know

Law EnforcementResponse

Options for Protection

Government Involvement

Conclusion

Chapter 29. Personal Safety and Self-Defense

Introduction

Violent Crimes

Self-Defense

Chapter 30. Designing Crime Risk Management Systems

Understanding Crime Risk Management

Who Is the Client?

The Client-PractitionerRelationship

Crime Pattern Analysis

Conducting the Security Survey

Determination ofProbable Maximum Loss

Making Recommendations to Clients

Conclusion

Chapter 31. Planning, Management, and Evaluation

The Concepts Defined

Statistical Information: The Backbone for Design of a PreventionProgram

Crime Statistics

Demographic Data

Efficiency Analysis: Measuring Activity

Effectiveness Analysis: Measuring Program Impact

Attitudinal Analysis: Gathering Opinionson the Program Impact

A Strategy to Facilitate Implementation of the Evaluation

Chapter 32. Financial Institution Security

The Bank Protection Act of 1968

The Role of the Security Department

Current RisksAffecting Financial Institutions

Criminal Reporting

Bank Security Devices

Security Trainingin Financial Institutions

Other Federal Regulations with an Impact on Banking

Critical Issuesin Financial Institution Security

Chapter 33. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs)

Responsibility of an ATM Owner

Case Study from Ann Arbor Police Department: LawEnforcement and ATM Safety

Ann Arbor, Michigan’s Guidelines for Automatic Teller Machines User Safety

Appendix 33.A.ATM Safety Tips

Appendix 33.B.ATM SafetyChecklist

Chapter 34. Telecommunications Fraud

How Does It Happen?

How to Find Out

How to Reduce Vulnerability

How to Stop It

Chapter 35. Electronic Surveillance and Wiretapping

Countermeasures

Economic Espionage Act of 1996

Chapter 36. Safety Websites

Introduction

Safety Websites

Chapter 37. Homeland Security

Gov. Ridge Announces Homeland Security Advisory System

National Framework for Federal,State, and Local Governments, Private Industry, and the Public

Factors for Assignment ofThreat Conditions. Unified System for Public Announcements

A Tool to Combat Terrorism.Homeland Security in 2002

HITS and IFPO Computer-Based and Web-Based Security OfficerTraining

Final Comments

Chapter 38. Security of Information Systems

Conclusion

Security Organizations

Chapter 39. Counterespionage and Information Security Management

Reasons for Attacking Computers

Methods of Attacking Computer Systems

Methods ofDefense

Roots of Industrial Espionage

Historic Attacks on Computers and Networks

RecentLawsuits

Covert Action

Theft

Other Causes of Information Loss

Why People StealInformation

Types of Attacks

Espionage Methods

Rogue Use

Competitive Intelligence

Human Error

The WAECUP Human Factors Protocol

Human Factor Training Practices

Electronic Surveillance and Countermeasures

Telecommuting

Wireless Mike Dangers: AnExample

Computer Passwords

Current Security Issues

Host-Based Perimeter Defense

EMail

Local Area Network

Radio Links

Encryption

Investigations

Trade Secrets

Chapter 40. Emergency Management

Crisis, Disaster, Catastrophe„Are You Ready?

The Emergency Management Plan Is Only asGood as the Last Drill

Chapter 41. The Security Professional, Terrorism, Bio-Terrorism, and the Next Level

The Security Professional and Terrorism

Terrorism and the Terrorist

UnderstandingTerrorism

Terrorist Groups and Organizational Structure

Mechanism of Violence andAssociated Risk Factors

Assessing Threats from Terrorism and Developing EffectiveCountermeasures

The Security Manager’s Responsibilities

Conclusion

Index