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Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics - An Introductory Text
of: John Marshall, R. Alan Plumb
Elsevier Trade Monographs, 1979
ISBN: 9780080954578 , 344 Pages
Format: PDF
Copy protection: DRM
Front Cover
1
An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology
4
Copyright Page
5
Contents
6
Preface
10
Preface to First Edition
12
Chapter 1. Introduction
16
1.1 The Atmospheric Continuum
16
1.2 Physical Dimensions and Units
17
1.3 Scale Analysis
19
1.4 The Fundamental Forces
20
1.5 Noninertial Reference Frames and"Apparent" Forces
25
1.6 Structure of the Static Atmosphere
32
Problems
37
Suggested References
40
Chapter 2. The Basic Conservation Laws
41
2.1 Total Differentiation
42
2.2 The Vectorial Form of the Momentum Equation in Rotating Coordinates
44
2.3 The Component Equations in Spherical Coordinates
46
2.4 Scale Analysis of the Equations of Motion
50
2.5 The Continuity Equation
55
2.6 The Thermodynamic Energy Equation
59
2.7 Thermodynamics of the Dry Atmosphere
62
Problems
67
Suggested References
68
Chapter 3. Elementary Applications of the Basic Equations
69
3.1 The Basic Equations in Isobaric Coordinates
69
3.2 Balanced Flow
71
3.3 Trajectories and Streamlines
79
3.4 Vertical Shear of the Geostrophic Wind: The Thermal Wind
83
3.5 Vertical Motion
86
Problems
89
Chapter 4. Circulation and Vorticity
93
4.2 Vorticity
98
4.3 Potential Vorticity
102
4.4 The Vorticity Equation
107
4.5 Scale Analysis of the Vorticity Equation
110
Problems
113
Suggested References
115
Chapter 5. The Planetary Boundary Layer
116
5.1 The Mixing Length Theory
117
5.2 Planetary Boundary Layer Equations
120
5.3 Secondary Circulations and Spin-Down
127
Problems
131
Suggested References
133
Chapter 6. The Dynamics of Synoptic Scale Motions in Middle Latitudes
134
6.1 The Observed Structure of Midlatitude Synoptic Systems
135
6.2 Development of the Quasi-Geostrophic System
141
6.3 Idealized Model of a Developing Baroclinic System
155
Problems
159
Suggested Reference
160
Chapter 7. Atmospheric Oscillations: Linear Perturbation Theory
161
7.1 The Perturbation Method
162
7.2 Properties of Waves
162
7.3 Simple Wave Types
167
7.4 Internal Gravity (Buoyancy) Waves
174
7.5 Rossby Waves
180
Problems
183
Suggested References
187
Chapter 8. Numerical Prediction
188
8.1 Historical Background
188
8.2 Filtering of Sound and Gravity Waves
190
8.3 Filtered Forecast Equations
193
8.4 One-Parameter Models
196
8.5 A Two-Parameter Model
198
8.6 Numerical Solution of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation
201
8.7 Primitive Equation Models
213
Problems
226
Suggested References
228
Chapter 9. The Development and Motion of Midlatitude Synoptic Systems
229
9.1 Hydrodynamic Instability
229
9.2 Baroclinic Instability: Cyclogenesis
231
9.3 The Energetics of Baroclinic Waves
242
9.4 Fronts and Frontogenesis
251
Problems
259
Suggested References
261
Chapter 10. The General Circulation
262
10.1 The Nature of the Problem
263
10.2 The Energy Cycle: A Quasi-Geostrophic Model
265
10.3 The Momentum Budget
275
10.4 The Dynamics of Zonally Symmetric Circulations
282
10.5 Laboratory Simulation of the General Circulation
289
10.6 Numerical Simulation of the General Circulation
296
10.7 Longitudinally Varying Features of the General Circulation
303
Problems
308
Suggested References
309
Chapter 11. Stratospheric Dynamics
310
11.1 The Observed Mean Structure and Circulation of the Stratosphere
311
11.2 The Energetics of the Lower Stratosphere
313
11.3 Vertically Propagating Planetary Waves
315
11.4 Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
318
11.5 Waves in the Equatorial Stratosphere
322
11.6 The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
328
11.7 The Ozone Layer
332
Problems
336
Suggested References
337
Chapter 12. Tropical Motion Systems
338
12.1 Scale Analysis of Tropical Motions
339
12.2 Cumulus Convection
345
12.3 The Observed Structure of Large-Scale Motions in the Equatorial Zone
358
12.4 The Origin of Equatorial Disturbances
366
12.5 Tropical Cyclones
372
Problems
375
Suggested References
376
Appendix A. Useful Constants and Parameters
378
Appendix B. List of Symbols
379
Appendix C. Vector Analysis
383
Appendix D. The Equivalent Potential Temperature
386
Appendix E. Standard Atmosphere Data
388
Answers to Selected Problems
390
Bibliography
394
Index
398
InternationaI Geophysics Series
408
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