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Pro PHP Refactoring
of: Francesco Trucchia, Jacopo Romei
Apress, 2011
ISBN: 9781430227281 , 360 Pages
Format: PDF, Read online
Copy protection: DRM
Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Copyright Page
Contents at a Glance
3
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
About the Authors
18
About the Technical Reviewer
19
Acknowledgments
20
Introduction
21
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Lesson Learned
23
Hidden Gems
23
You Don’t Know What You’ve Got ’til It’s Gone
23
Call of Duty
24
CHAPTER 2 Finding “Bad Smells” in Code
CHAPTER 2 Finding “Bad Smells” in Code
Why Code Can Smell
25
Duplicated Code
26
Long Method
27
Large Class
30
Long Parameter List
32
Divergent Change
33
Shotgun Surgery
35
Feature Envy
35
Data Clamps
36
Primitive Obsession
37
Switch Statements
38
Lazy Class
39
Speculative Generality
40
Temporary Field
40
Data Class
41
Comments
42
Procedural Code
44
CHAPTER 3 Introduction to Refactoring
CHAPTER 3 Introduction to Refactoring
The Concept: What Refactoring Is
45
The Reason: What’s the Goal of Refactoring?
45
Architecture and Structure, They Fade Away
46
Reworking Chaos into Well-Designed Code
46
An Example, at Last
47
Look Ma’! No Comments!
51
Once Is Better than Twice
53
Goliath Died in the End
55
CHAPTER 4 Principles and Rules
CHAPTER 4 Principles and Rules
Why Should You Do Refactoring?
67
Refactoring Improves the Design of Our Software
67
Refactoring Makes Software Easier to Understand
68
Keep It Simple and Stupid (KISS)
68
Don’t Repeat Yourself
69
Test-Driven Development (TDD)
69
Refactoring Helps You Find Bugs
69
Refactoring Increases Our Productivity
70
When Should We Do Refactoring?
71
The Rule of Three
71
Refactoring When You Add Functionality
72
Refactoring When You Need to Fix a Bug
72
When You Shouldn’t Do Refactoring
73
Some Simple Rules
73
Test Before Refactoring
73
Small and Simple Changes
74
Never Change Functionality
74
Follow the Bad Smells
74
Follow Refactoring Techniques Step-by-Step
75
Summary
75
CHAPTER 5 Test-First Development
CHAPTER 5 Test-First Development
Building Value One-Way
76
Chaos in a Cage
77
Unit Tests
77
Functional Tests
77
You Don't Know What You’ve Got ’til It’s Gone
78
Trust Me: Communication
78
Listen to What You Say, and Write It Down
79
Pleasant Constraints
79
Create Trust
80
Test-Driven Development
80
Summary
81
CHAPTER 6 Refactoring Tools
CHAPTER 6 Refactoring Tools
PHP IDE
82
Refactoring Activities
82
Rename
82
Move
83
Encapsulate Field
83
Override
83
Safely Remove
83
Cross-Platform Open-Source IDE
83
Unit Tests with PHPUnit
83
What Is It?
83
Installation
84
PEAR Installation
84
Manual Installation
84
How to Write Unit Tests
85
How to Run Tests
89
How to Organize Our Tests
90
Test Doubles
93
Stub Object
94
Mock Object
95
PHPUnit Conclusion
96
Functional Test with Selenium
96
What Is It?
96
Selenium IDE
97
Selenium RC
97
Selenium Grid
97
Installation
97
How to Record and Run Functional Tests
98
How to Organize Selenium Tests
100
Automated Test Execution with Selenium RC
101
Selenium Conclusion
101
The Best of Two Worlds
101
Selenium RC and PHPUnit
101
Selenium Functional Test with PHPUnit
101
Summary
103
CHAPTER 7 Structuring Behavior
CHAPTER 7 Structuring Behavior
Extract Method
104
Motivation
104
Mechanics
105
Example: No Local Variables
105
Example: Using Local Variables
107
Example: Reassigning a Local Variable
107
Inline Method
111
Motivation
111
Mechanics
111
Example
112
Inline Temp
113
Motivation
113
Mechanics
113
Example
113
Replace Temp with Query
114
Motivation
114
Mechanics
114
Example
115
Introduce Explaining Variable
117
Motivation
117
Mechanics
117
Example
117
Split Temporary Variable
118
Motivation
118
Mechanics
119
Example
119
Replace Method with Method Object
121
Motivation
121
Mechanics
121
Example
121
Substitute Algorithm
123
Motivation
123
Mechanics
124
Example
124
Summary
125
CHAPTER 8 Changing Class Responsibilities
CHAPTER 8 Changing Class Responsibilities
Move Method
126
Motivation
126
Mechanics
127
Example
127
Move Property (or Field)
131
Motivation
131
Mechanics
131
Example
132
Extract Class
134
Motivation
134
Mechanics
134
Example
135
Inline Class
140
Motivation
140
Mechanics
140
Example
140
Hide Delegate
143
Motivation
143
Mechanics
143
Example
143
Remove the Middle Man
146
Motivation
146
Mechanism
146
Example
147
Introduce Foreign Method
149
Motivation
149
Mechanism
150
Example
150
Summary
151
CHAPTER 9 Dealing with Data Rationalization
CHAPTER 9 Dealing with Data Rationalization
Self-Encapsulate Field
152
Motivation
152
Mechanics
152
Example
153
Replace Data Value with Object
154
Motivation
154
Mechanics
154
Example
154
Change Value to Reference
156
Motivation
156
Mechanics
156
Example
157
Change Reference to Value
159
Motivation
159
Mechanics
159
Replace Array with Object
159
Motivation
160
Mechanics
160
Example
160
Change Unidirectional Association to Bidirectional
162
Motivation
162
Mechanics
162
Example
163
Change Bidirectional Association to Unidirectional
165
Motivation
165
Mechanics
165
Example
166
Replace Magic Number with Symbolic Constant
168
Motivation
168
Mechanics
168
Example
168
Encapsulate Field
169
Motivation
169
Mechanics
170
Example
170
Replacing Type Code with Subclasses
171
Motivation
171
Mechanics
171
Example
171
Replace Type Code with State/Strategy
175
Motivation
175
Mechanics
175
Example
175
Replace Subclass with Fields
180
Motivation
180
Mechanics
180
Example
181
Summary
185
CHAPTER 10 Reducing to Essential Conditional Executions
CHAPTER 10 Reducing to Essential Conditional Executions
Decompose Conditional
186
Motivation
186
Mechanics
187
Example
187
Consolidate Conditional Expression
189
Motivation
189
Mechanism
190
Example to Consolidate with ORs
190
Example to Consolidate with AND
191
Consolidate Duplicate Conditional Fragments
192
Motivation
192
Mechanism
192
Example
193
Remove Control Flag
194
Motivation
194
Mechanism
194
Example with Control Flag Replaced with Break
195
Example Replacing Control Flag with a Return Exit Point
196
Replace Nested Conditional with Guard Clauses
198
Motivation
198
Mechanism
198
Example
199
Replace Conditional with Polymorphism
201
Motivation
201
Mechanism
202
Example
202
Summary
205
CHAPTER 11 Simplifying Method Calls
CHAPTER 11 Simplifying Method Calls
Rename Method
206
Motivation
206
Mechanics
206
Example
207
Add Parameter
208
Motivation
208
Mechanics
208
Example
209
Remove Parameter
210
Motivation
210
Mechanics
210
Separate Query from Modifier
211
Motivation
211
Mechanics
211
Example
211
Parameterize Method
213
Motivation
213
Mechanics
214
Example
214
Replace Parameter with Explicit Method
215
Motivation
215
Mechanics
216
Example
216
Preserve Whole Object
218
Motivation
218
Mechanics
218
Example
219
Replace Parameter with Method
220
Motivation
221
Mechanics
221
Example
221
Introduce Parameter Object
222
Motivation
222
Mechanics
223
Remove Setting Method
223
Motivation
223
Mechanics
223
Example
223
Hide Method
225
Motivation
225
Mechanics
225
Replace Constructor with Factory Method
225
Motivation
225
Mechanics
226
Example
226
Replace Error Code with Exception
227
Motivation
227
Mechanics
227
Example
227
Replace Exception with Test
229
Motivation
229
Mechanics
229
Summary
229
CHAPTER 12 Simplifying Generalization Relationships
CHAPTER 12 Simplifying Generalization Relationships
Pull Up Field
230
Motivation
230
Mechanism
231
Example
231
Pull Up Method
232
Motivation
232
Mechanism
233
Example
233
Pull Up Constructor Body
235
Motivation
235
Mechanism
236
Example
236
Push Down Method
239
Motivation
239
Mechanism
239
Example
239
Push Down Field
242
Motivation
242
Mechanism
242
Example
242
Extract Subclass
245
Motivation
245
Mechanism
245
Example
246
Extract Super Class
250
Motivation
250
Mechanism
250
Example
251
Collapse Hierarchy
254
Motivation
254
Mechanism
254
Example
255
Form Template Method
257
Motivation
257
Mechanism
257
Example
258
Replace Inheritance with Delegation
262
Motivation
262
Mechanism
263
Example
263
Replace Delegation with Inheritance
266
Motivation
266
Mechanism
266
Example
267
Summary
268
CHAPTER 13 Legacy Code
CHAPTER 13 Legacy Code
Ugly Code
269
index.php
272
config.php
273
functions.php
273
header.php
274
footer.php
275
new.php
275
edit.php
276
_form.php
278
remove.php
278
Maintenance
279
Example: SQL injection
279
Example: Database Portability
280
New Features
280
Dynamic Layouts
280
Internationalization
281
Break the Cycle
281
Summary
282
CHAPTER 14 Regression Tests
CHAPTER 14 Regression Tests
Ugly But Valuable
283
Keeping Value vs. Wasting Value
284
Putting the Chaos in a Cage
284
Motivation
284
Mechanics
285
Examples
285
Add a New Record
286
Edit a Record
288
Read a List of Records
289
Remove a Record
290
Validate a Record
291
Test Refactoring
292
Unify Test Cases in a Suite
293
Summary
294
CHAPTER 15 Refactoring with Patterns
CHAPTER 15 Refactoring with Patterns
Design Patterns
295
What Are Design Patterns?
295
Why Do I Need to Use Design Patterns?
296
When Do I Need to Use Them?
296
Refactoring with Patterns
296
Transform Procedural Code into Object-Oriented Code
297
Motivation
297
Mechanism
298
Example
299
Working with Fixtures
299
Index Action
300
Add Action
304
Edit Action
309
Remove Action
314
Replace SQL with ORM
316
Motivation
316
Mechanism
317
Example
317
Separate Business Logic from View
326
Motivation
326
Mechanism
326
Example
327
Decorator Design Pattern
327
Template View Pattern
333
MVC Architecture
337
Motivation
337
Mechanism
337
Example
338
Summary
345
Index
346
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