Mark and Matthew I - Comparative Readings: Understanding the Earliest Gospels in their First Century Settings

Cover

Preface

Table of Contents

Eve-Marie Becker and Anders Runesson: Introduction: Studying Mark and Matthew in Comparative Perspective

1. To Compare Is to See Anew

2. Outline and Contributions

3. Résumé and Prospect

1. History of Research

Cilliers Breytenbach: Current Research on the Gospel according to Mark: A Report on Monographs Published from 2000–2009

1. Methodological Issues

2. Traditions in Mark’s Gospel

3. On the Text of Mark

4. Mark as Narrative

5. Mark as Genre and Genres in Mark

6. The Date and Origin of Mark’s Gospel

7. Markan Topics

7.1. Discipleship

7.2. Soteriology

7.3. Theology and Eschatology

7.4. Mark and History

7.5. Studies on Individual Sections and Specific Topics

8. Mark in his Contemporary Context

9. Matthew and Mark

10. Summary

David C. Sim Matthew: The Current State of Research

1. Introduction

2. Matthew’s Relationship to Judaism

3. Matthew and the Gentile World

4. The Gospel of Matthew in Its Christian Context

5. Matthew and the Roman World

6. Authorship, Date, and Location

7. Methods

8. The Future of Matthean Studies

2. Reconstructing the Artifacts: Text-Critical and Linguistic Aspects of the Study of Mark and Matthew

Barbara Aland: Was heißt Abschreiben? Neue Entwicklungen in der Textkritik und ihre Konsequenzen für die Überlieferungsgeschichte der frühesten christlichen Verkündigung

1. Eine neue Entwicklung der neutestamentlichen Textkritik: Die Kohärenzbasierte genealogische Methode (CBGM)

1.1. Vorbemerkung

1.2. Die Grundprinzipien der Kohärenzbasierten genealogischen Methode (CBGM)

1.3. Die textkritischen Verbesserungen der Kohärenzbasierten genealogischen Methode

1.3.1 Die Neubestimmung des „äußeren Kriteriums"

1.3.2 Kohärenzprüfung am Beispiel

1.4. Übergreifende Ergebnisse und Konsequenzen für die historische Arbeit Was heißt: Ein Text wird abgeschrieben?

2. Andere textkritische Neuansätze: Bart D. Ehrman und David C. Parker

2.1. Bart D. Ehrman

2.2. David C. Parker

Tommy Wasserman: The Implications of Textual Criticism for Understanding the ‘Original Text’

1. The State of the “Original Text” in the Current Debate

2. The Contribution of the Early Papyri of the Gospels to Textual Criticism

3. The Tenacity of the Textual Tradition

4. Patristic Citations

5. Harmonization

6. Harmonization and Recension

7. Authorial Style and Theology

8. Conclusions

Stanley E. Porter: Matthew and Mark: The Contribution of Recent Linguistic Thought

1. Introduction

2. Previous Research on the Linguistic Character of Matthew and Mark

3. Linguistic Insights into Mark and Matthew

3.1. Lexical Semantics

3.2. Grammatical (Morphological) Semantics

3.2.1. Verbal Semantics

3.2.2. Case Semantics

3.3. Syntactical Semantics

3.3.1. Word Group

3.3.2. Clauses and Clause Complexes

3.4. Pragmatics

3.5. Discourse

4. Conclusion

3. Date and Genre

Eve-Marie Becker: Dating Mark and Matthew as Ancient Literature

1. Dating Ancient Literature – Methodology and Heuristics

2. Dating Ancient Literary Texts – Criteriological Remarks

2.1. Finding an ‘absolute’ dating (= terminus post quem and terminus ad quem)

2.2. Finding a ‘relative’ chronology

2.3. Results: Finding an absolute dating and a ‘relative’ chronology

3. Dating Mark and Matthew comparatively

3.1. Finding an absolute dating – The question of the terminus post quem

3.1.1. ‘Level of narration’ and ‘level of composition ’‘Level of narration’ in and beyond Mark 13par. Matt 24

3.1.2. ‘Level of reference’ and ‘the narrator’s perspective’

3.2. Mark 9:1par. and Mark 13:30par. as evidence for an ad quem-dating?

3.3. Finding a relative chronology – Questions of ‘Literarkritik’ and source criticism

3.4. Conclusions

David E. Aune: Genre Theory and the Genre-Function of Mark and Matthew

1. Introduction

2. The Beginnings of Genre Criticism in Biblical Studies

3. Relevant Aspects of Modern Genre Theory for the Toolkits of New Testament Scholars

4. Paratextual Features of the Gospels

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Subscriptiones and Superscriptiones

4.3. The Title of Mark

5. The Genre-Function of Mark

5.1. Genre-Salient Features

5.2. The Macro-Genre of Mark

5.3. Mark as a Parody of Biography

6. The Genre Function of Matthew

6.1. Matthew’s Transformation of Mark

6.2. The Title of Matthew

6.3. Matthew’s Deconstruction of Q

7. Concluding Summary

4. Socio-Religious Location

Sean Freyne: Matthew and Mark: The Jewish Contexts

1. Southern Syria before and after the First Revolt

2. Reading Mark and Matthew in Syrian Contexts

2.1. Mark

2.1.1. Markan geography

2.1.2 Mark and the village culture of the north

2.1.3. Mark and Persecution

2.2. Matthew

2.2.1. Geography and Restoration

2.2.2. Location of the Matthean group

2.2.3. Conflict and Rejection

3. Conclusion

Morten Hørning Jensen: Conflicting Calls? Family and Discipleship in Mark & Matthew in the Light of First-Century Galilean Village Life

1. Introduction

1.1. What Can Galilee Do for Mark and Matthew?

1.2. Working Hypothesis

2. Family Life in Mark and Matthew

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Jesus’ Call of the First Disciples

2.3. Jesus and Nazareth

2.4. The Disciples and Their Families: Conflicts

2.5. Filial Piety, Divorce, Houses, and ‘Family Imagery’

2.6. Partial Conclusion

3. Rural Galilee as a ‘Reading Scenario’

3.1. The Socio-Economic State of Rural Galilee

3.2. The Political Development

3.3. Settlement Patterns

3.4. Land Ownership

3.5. Rural Villages and Towns

3.6. Specialization and Commerce

3.7. Differentiated Houses and Living Units

3.8. Monetization

3.9. Taxes

3.10. Climate

3.11. Partial Conclusion

4. Conclusions

Linden Youngquist: Matthew, Mark, and Q

1. Introduction: Matthew and Mark in Contrast

2. Matthew and the Q Community

2.1. The Recent Debate: Heinz Eduard Tödt

2.2. Two Recent Approaches to Continuity between Q and Matthew

3. Matthew as a Literary Expansion of Q

4. Matt 8–9 and Q

5. Matthew’s Use of Sources in Matt 8–9

6. Matthew’s Intention

6.1. Sequence A

6.2. Sequence B

7. Matthew’s Composition

8. Conclusion

Wayne Baxter: Matthew, Mark, and the Shepherd Metaphor: Similarities, Differences, and Implications

1. Introduction

2. Socio-Religious Location: Thinking Spectrally

3. Thinking Behind the Shepherd Metaphor: Patterns of Usage

4. The Shepherd Metaphor in the Hebrew Bible, and in the Writings of Early Jews, Non-Christ-Believing Romans, and Christ-Believers

5. The Shepherd Metaphor in Mark and Matthew

5.1. Mark’s Use of the Shepherd Metaphor

5.2. Matthew’s Use of the Shepherd Metaphor

6. Mark vs. Matthew

7. Conclusion

5. Conflict and Violence

Warren Carter: Matthew: Empire, Synagogues, and Horizontal Violence

1. Synagogues and Empire

2. Jewish Diaspora Existence and Synagogue(s) in Antioch

3. Matthew and Empire: Method

4. Matthew and Empire: Strategies of Negotiation

5. Matthew, Synagogue, Empire, and Horizontal Violence

Lorenzo Scornaienchi: The Controversy Dialogues and the Polemic in Mark and Matthew

1. The Interpretation of the Controversy Dialogues and their Polemical Content

2. The Polemic in Matthew

3. The Controversy Dialogues in Mark

3.1. The Question of the Literary Genre

4. Mark’s Use of Conflict Dialogues

5. Matthew’s Polemic and the Conflict Dialogues

6. Conclusions

John S. Kloppenborg: The Representation of Violence in Synoptic Parables

1. Force and Violence in the Ancient Mediterranean

2. Violent Gods and Heroes

3. Violence, Realistic and Imaginary in Mark

3.1 The Parable of the Tenants

4. Force and Violence in Q

4.1. Q 12:33–34, 39–40

4.2. Q 12:42–46: The Slave left in Charge

5. Divine Force and Violence in Matthew

5.1. The Destruction of Opponents: Matt 21:33–22:10

5.2. Force against Insiders in Matthew

6. Conclusion

6. Building Community Using Text

Oda Wischmeyer: Forming Identity Through Literature: The Impact of Mark for the Building of Christ-Believing Communities in the Second Half of the First Century C. E

1. Methodological Considerations

2. The Current Discussion on the Author and on the Genre of the Gospel of Mark

3. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: Evidence from Texts

4. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: Some General Remarks

5. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: The Particular Perspective

Anders Runesson: Building Matthean Communities: The Politics of Textualization

1. Introduction: The Question

2. Socio-political Implications of Textualization

2.1. The Nature of First-Century Synagogues and the Matthean Community

2.2. Tradition, Text, and Power

2.3. The Text and the Community Rule

2.4. New Wine into New Wineskins: The Implications of Genre

3. Building Community by Instruction and Example: The Ideal Matthean

3.1. The Ideal Matthean: Ritual Practice and National Identity

3.2. The Ideal Matthean: Theology, Resistance, Counter-Colonization

4. Conclusion: Building Community Using Text in Late First-Century C. E. Galilee

7. Notes from the Conference: Further Discussion

Adela Yarbro Collins: Reflections on the Conference at the University of Aarhus, July 25–27, 2008

Bibliography

List of Contributors

Index of References

Mark

Matthew

‘Old Testament Writings’/Septuagint

Eearly Jewish Texts/Non-canonical writings

Dead Sea Texts

Early Jewish Authors

New Testament

Early Christian Texts / Extra-canonical Writings

Early Christian Authors

Rabbinica

Greco-Roman Authors

Papyri (excl. New Testament Papyri – s. Index of subjects)

Index of Subjects