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Mark and Matthew I - Comparative Readings: Understanding the Earliest Gospels in their First Century Settings
Cover
1
Preface
6
Table of Contents
8
Eve-Marie Becker and Anders Runesson: Introduction: Studying Mark and Matthew in Comparative Perspective
12
1. To Compare Is to See Anew
12
2. Outline and Contributions
13
3. Résumé and Prospect
20
1. History of Research
22
Cilliers Breytenbach: Current Research on the Gospel according to Mark: A Report on Monographs Published from 2000–2009
24
1. Methodological Issues
24
2. Traditions in Mark’s Gospel
28
3. On the Text of Mark
30
4. Mark as Narrative
31
5. Mark as Genre and Genres in Mark
32
6. The Date and Origin of Mark’s Gospel
34
7. Markan Topics
36
7.1. Discipleship
36
7.2. Soteriology
37
7.3. Theology and Eschatology
38
7.4. Mark and History
39
7.5. Studies on Individual Sections and Specific Topics
40
8. Mark in his Contemporary Context
41
9. Matthew and Mark
42
10. Summary
42
David C. Sim Matthew: The Current State of Research
44
1. Introduction
44
2. Matthew’s Relationship to Judaism
47
3. Matthew and the Gentile World
52
4. The Gospel of Matthew in Its Christian Context
54
5. Matthew and the Roman World
57
6. Authorship, Date, and Location
58
7. Methods
59
8. The Future of Matthean Studies
61
2. Reconstructing the Artifacts: Text-Critical and Linguistic Aspects of the Study of Mark and Matthew
64
Barbara Aland: Was heißt Abschreiben? Neue Entwicklungen in der Textkritik und ihre Konsequenzen für die Überlieferungsgeschichte der frühesten christlichen Verkündigung
66
1. Eine neue Entwicklung der neutestamentlichen Textkritik: Die Kohärenzbasierte genealogische Methode (CBGM)
66
1.1. Vorbemerkung
66
1.2. Die Grundprinzipien der Kohärenzbasierten genealogischen Methode (CBGM)
68
1.3. Die textkritischen Verbesserungen der Kohärenzbasierten genealogischen Methode
70
1.3.1 Die Neubestimmung des „äußeren Kriteriums"
70
1.3.2 Kohärenzprüfung am Beispiel
71
1.4. Übergreifende Ergebnisse und Konsequenzen für die historische Arbeit Was heißt: Ein Text wird abgeschrieben?
75
2. Andere textkritische Neuansätze: Bart D. Ehrman und David C. Parker
79
2.1. Bart D. Ehrman
79
2.2. David C. Parker
85
Tommy Wasserman: The Implications of Textual Criticism for Understanding the ‘Original Text’
88
1. The State of the “Original Text” in the Current Debate
88
2. The Contribution of the Early Papyri of the Gospels to Textual Criticism
92
3. The Tenacity of the Textual Tradition
96
4. Patristic Citations
98
5. Harmonization
101
6. Harmonization and Recension
103
7. Authorial Style and Theology
106
8. Conclusions
106
Stanley E. Porter: Matthew and Mark: The Contribution of Recent Linguistic Thought
108
1. Introduction
108
2. Previous Research on the Linguistic Character of Matthew and Mark
110
3. Linguistic Insights into Mark and Matthew
115
3.1. Lexical Semantics
116
3.2. Grammatical (Morphological) Semantics
120
3.2.1. Verbal Semantics
120
3.2.2. Case Semantics
122
3.3. Syntactical Semantics
123
3.3.1. Word Group
123
3.3.2. Clauses and Clause Complexes
124
3.4. Pragmatics
125
3.5. Discourse
127
4. Conclusion
129
3. Date and Genre
132
Eve-Marie Becker: Dating Mark and Matthew as Ancient Literature
134
1. Dating Ancient Literature – Methodology and Heuristics
134
2. Dating Ancient Literary Texts – Criteriological Remarks
137
2.1. Finding an ‘absolute’ dating (= terminus post quem and terminus ad quem)
137
2.2. Finding a ‘relative’ chronology
139
2.3. Results: Finding an absolute dating and a ‘relative’ chronology
140
3. Dating Mark and Matthew comparatively
140
3.1. Finding an absolute dating – The question of the terminus post quem
140
3.1.1. ‘Level of narration’ and ‘level of composition ’‘Level of narration’ in and beyond Mark 13par. Matt 24
141
3.1.2. ‘Level of reference’ and ‘the narrator’s perspective’
143
3.2. Mark 9:1par. and Mark 13:30par. as evidence for an ad quem-dating?
151
3.3. Finding a relative chronology – Questions of ‘Literarkritik’ and source criticism
153
3.4. Conclusions
154
David E. Aune: Genre Theory and the Genre-Function of Mark and Matthew
156
1. Introduction
156
2. The Beginnings of Genre Criticism in Biblical Studies
158
3. Relevant Aspects of Modern Genre Theory for the Toolkits of New Testament Scholars
160
4. Paratextual Features of the Gospels
164
4.1. Introduction
164
4.2. Subscriptiones and Superscriptiones
164
4.3. The Title of Mark
172
5. The Genre-Function of Mark
174
5.1. Genre-Salient Features
174
5.2. The Macro-Genre of Mark
177
5.3. Mark as a Parody of Biography
178
6. The Genre Function of Matthew
181
6.1. Matthew’s Transformation of Mark
181
6.2. The Title of Matthew
182
6.3. Matthew’s Deconstruction of Q
183
7. Concluding Summary
184
4. Socio-Religious Location
188
Sean Freyne: Matthew and Mark: The Jewish Contexts
190
1. Southern Syria before and after the First Revolt
191
2. Reading Mark and Matthew in Syrian Contexts
196
2.1. Mark
196
2.1.1. Markan geography
197
2.1.2 Mark and the village culture of the north
199
2.1.3. Mark and Persecution
200
2.2. Matthew
204
2.2.1. Geography and Restoration
206
2.2.2. Location of the Matthean group
209
2.2.3. Conflict and Rejection
211
3. Conclusion
213
Morten Hørning Jensen: Conflicting Calls? Family and Discipleship in Mark & Matthew in the Light of First-Century Galilean Village Life
216
1. Introduction
216
1.1. What Can Galilee Do for Mark and Matthew?
216
1.2. Working Hypothesis
219
2. Family Life in Mark and Matthew
220
2.1. Introduction
220
2.2. Jesus’ Call of the First Disciples
220
2.3. Jesus and Nazareth
222
2.4. The Disciples and Their Families: Conflicts
224
2.5. Filial Piety, Divorce, Houses, and ‘Family Imagery’
226
2.6. Partial Conclusion
227
3. Rural Galilee as a ‘Reading Scenario’
228
3.1. The Socio-Economic State of Rural Galilee
228
3.2. The Political Development
229
3.3. Settlement Patterns
230
3.4. Land Ownership
233
3.5. Rural Villages and Towns
234
3.6. Specialization and Commerce
236
3.7. Differentiated Houses and Living Units
237
3.8. Monetization
238
3.9. Taxes
239
3.10. Climate
240
3.11. Partial Conclusion
240
4. Conclusions
241
Linden Youngquist: Matthew, Mark, and Q
244
1. Introduction: Matthew and Mark in Contrast
244
2. Matthew and the Q Community
250
2.1. The Recent Debate: Heinz Eduard Tödt
251
2.2. Two Recent Approaches to Continuity between Q and Matthew
251
3. Matthew as a Literary Expansion of Q
255
4. Matt 8–9 and Q
262
5. Matthew’s Use of Sources in Matt 8–9
264
6. Matthew’s Intention
266
6.1. Sequence A
266
6.2. Sequence B
268
7. Matthew’s Composition
270
8. Conclusion
271
Wayne Baxter: Matthew, Mark, and the Shepherd Metaphor: Similarities, Differences, and Implications
274
1. Introduction
274
2. Socio-Religious Location: Thinking Spectrally
274
3. Thinking Behind the Shepherd Metaphor: Patterns of Usage
276
4. The Shepherd Metaphor in the Hebrew Bible, and in the Writings of Early Jews, Non-Christ-Believing Romans, and Christ-Believers
278
5. The Shepherd Metaphor in Mark and Matthew
283
5.1. Mark’s Use of the Shepherd Metaphor
283
5.2. Matthew’s Use of the Shepherd Metaphor
286
6. Mark vs. Matthew
291
7. Conclusion
292
5. Conflict and Violence
294
Warren Carter: Matthew: Empire, Synagogues, and Horizontal Violence
296
1. Synagogues and Empire
298
2. Jewish Diaspora Existence and Synagogue(s) in Antioch
303
3. Matthew and Empire: Method
306
4. Matthew and Empire: Strategies of Negotiation
309
5. Matthew, Synagogue, Empire, and Horizontal Violence
314
Lorenzo Scornaienchi: The Controversy Dialogues and the Polemic in Mark and Matthew
320
1. The Interpretation of the Controversy Dialogues and their Polemical Content
320
2. The Polemic in Matthew
321
3. The Controversy Dialogues in Mark
322
3.1. The Question of the Literary Genre
324
4. Mark’s Use of Conflict Dialogues
326
5. Matthew’s Polemic and the Conflict Dialogues
329
6. Conclusions
331
John S. Kloppenborg: The Representation of Violence in Synoptic Parables
334
1. Force and Violence in the Ancient Mediterranean
335
2. Violent Gods and Heroes
336
3. Violence, Realistic and Imaginary in Mark
341
3.1 The Parable of the Tenants
343
4. Force and Violence in Q
347
4.1. Q 12:33–34, 39–40
347
4.2. Q 12:42–46: The Slave left in Charge
349
5. Divine Force and Violence in Matthew
354
5.1. The Destruction of Opponents: Matt 21:33–22:10
354
5.2. Force against Insiders in Matthew
358
6. Conclusion
361
6. Building Community Using Text
364
Oda Wischmeyer: Forming Identity Through Literature: The Impact of Mark for the Building of Christ-Believing Communities in the Second Half of the First Century C. E
366
1. Methodological Considerations
367
2. The Current Discussion on the Author and on the Genre of the Gospel of Mark
373
3. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: Evidence from Texts
380
4. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: Some General Remarks
384
5. The Gospel of Mark as a Community-building Tool: The Particular Perspective
387
Anders Runesson: Building Matthean Communities: The Politics of Textualization
390
1. Introduction: The Question
390
2. Socio-political Implications of Textualization
392
2.1. The Nature of First-Century Synagogues and the Matthean Community
392
2.2. Tradition, Text, and Power
396
2.3. The Text and the Community Rule
400
2.4. New Wine into New Wineskins: The Implications of Genre
404
3. Building Community by Instruction and Example: The Ideal Matthean
408
3.1. The Ideal Matthean: Ritual Practice and National Identity
409
3.2. The Ideal Matthean: Theology, Resistance, Counter-Colonization
412
4. Conclusion: Building Community Using Text in Late First-Century C. E. Galilee
417
7. Notes from the Conference: Further Discussion
420
Adela Yarbro Collins: Reflections on the Conference at the University of Aarhus, July 25–27, 2008
422
Bibliography
426
List of Contributors
468
Index of References
470
Mark
470
Matthew
473
‘Old Testament Writings’/Septuagint
479
Eearly Jewish Texts/Non-canonical writings
482
Dead Sea Texts
482
Early Jewish Authors
483
New Testament
485
Early Christian Texts / Extra-canonical Writings
488
Early Christian Authors
488
Rabbinica
488
Greco-Roman Authors
489
Papyri (excl. New Testament Papyri – s. Index of subjects)
492
Index of Subjects
494
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