Search and Find
Service
Preface
6
Contents
9
PART 1 Semantic, Visual, and Technological Facets of the Second-Generation Web
15
Chapter 1 The Concept and Architecture of the Semantic Web
17
1.1 From HTML to XML and the Semantic Web
17
1.2 The XML Family of Technologies
23
1.3 The Architecture of the Semantic Web
27
1.4 References
31
Chapter 2 Information Visualization and the Semantic Web
33
2.1 Introduction
33
2.2 The Semantic Web
33
2.2.1 Visualization Issues
34
2.2.2 Semantic Annotation
35
2.3 Information Visualization
41
2.3.1 Tracking Knowledge and Technology Trends
42
2.3.2 Citation Analysis
42
2.3.3 Patent Citation Analysis
43
2.4 A Harmonious Relationship?
44
2.4.1 Beyond Information Retrieval
44
2.4.2 Yin and Yang
47
2.4.3 An Illustrative Example
48
2.5 Conclusion
56
2.6 References
56
Chapter 3 Ontology-Based Information Visualization: Toward Semantic Web Applications
59
3.1 Introduction
59
3.2 Cluster Map Basics
60
3.3 Applications
62
3.3.1 The DOPE Browser
62
3.3.2 Xarop/SWAP: Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Management
64
3.3.3 Aduna AutoFocus
66
3.4 Uses of Ontology-Based Visualization
68
3.4.1 Data Analysis
68
3.4.2 Querying
68
3.4.3 Exploration
70
3.5 Future Work
71
3.6 Summary
71
3.7 References
72
Chapter 4 Topic Maps, RDF Graphs, and Ontologies Visualization
73
4.1 Introduction
73
4.2 Topic Maps, RDF, and Ontologies Basic Concepts
74
4.2.1 Topic Maps
74
4.2.2 RDF
75
4.2.3 Ontologies
77
4.3 Semantic Graphs Visualization
77
4.3.1 Visualization Goals
78
4.3.2 Visualization Techniques
79
4.4 Conclusion and Perspectives
91
4.5 References
92
Chapter 5 Web Services: Description, Interfaces, and Ontology
94
5.1 Introduction
94
5.2 Semantic Web and Web Services: A Comparison
94
5.3 Web Services Definition and Description Layers
95
5.3.1 Standardization Efforts
96
5.3.2 The Significance of SOAP
96
5.4 SOAP in Greater Detail
96
5.4.1 SOAP Message
96
5.4.2 The Structure of a SOAP Message
97
5.4.3 Examples of SOAP Messages
98
5.5 What Is It Like for a Programmer?
100
5.5.1 Axis SOAP Server and Tomcat Servlet Engine
100
5.5.2 From Java Class to SOAP Server
101
5.5.3 Constructing a SOAP Client
101
5.6 WSDL
102
5.6.1 WSDL Document Structure and Examples
103
5.6.2 Options and Alternatives
105
5.6.3 What Can One Do with WSDL?
105
5.7 UDDI
106
5.7.1 Components of a UDDI Entry
106
5.7.2 UDDI and WSDL
107
5.7.3 Semantical and Ontological Needs
108
5.8 References
114
Chapter 6 Recommender Systems for the Web
116
6.1 Introduction
116
6.2 The Beginning of Collaborative Filtering
117
6.3 Automated Collaborative Filtering
119
6.4 Enhancing Collaborative Filtering with Semantics
122
6.4.1 New Users and New Items
122
6.4.2 Integrated Content/Collaborative Filtering Solutions
123
6.4.3 Situational and Task-Focused Recommenders
125
6.5 Explanation and Inference
127
6.5.1 Explaining Recommendations
127
6.5.2 Focusing Implicit Ratings
128
6.6 Socially Aware Recommenders
130
6.6.1 Social Navigation
130
6.6.2 Recommending for Groups
131
6.7 Portable Recommenders
133
6.8 Cheating with Recommenders
134
6.9 Conclusion
134
6.10 Acknowledgments
135
6.11 References
135
Chapter 7 SVG and X3D: New XML Technologies for 2D and 3D Visualization
138
7.1 Introduction
138
7.2 SVG
138
7.3 X3D
141
7.4 The Use and Advantages of SVG and X3D
144
7.5 References
146
PART 2 Visual Techniques and Applications for the Semantic Web
149
Chapter 8 Using Graphically Represented Ontologies for Searching Content on the Semantic Web
151
8.1 Introduction
151
8.2 Visual Query Languages
151
8.3 The Graphical Ontology Designer Environment
152
8.3.1 Enabling Technologies
152
8.3.2 GODE GUI and Functionality
159
8.3.4 Advanced Search
163
8.3.5 Application Area of Advanced Graphical Ontologies
164
8.3.6 Intended Audience for Advanced Graphical Search
165
8.3.7 Possible Traps
165
8.4 Conclusion and Further Work
165
8.5 Acknowledgments
166
8.6 References
166
Chapter 9 Adapting Graph Visualization Techniques for the Visualization of RDF Data
168
9.1 Introduction
168
9.2 Background
169
9.3 GViz
171
9.3.1 Data Model
172
9.3.2 Operation Model
173
9.3.3 Visualization
174
9.4 Applications
175
9.4.1 Conceptual Model Visualization
177
9.4.2 Conceptual Model Instance Visualization
178
9.4.3 Application Model Visualization
179
9.4.4 Application Model Instance Visualization
182
9.5 Future Work
183
9.6 Summary
184
9.7 Acknowledgments
185
9.8 References
185
Chapter 10 Spring-Embedded Graphs for Semantic Visualization
186
10.1 Introduction
186
10.2 A Suitable Graph Drawing Algorithm
187
10.3 The Tool
189
10.4 Case Study 1: Visualizing Ontologies—Zoological Information Management System
190
10.5 Case Study 2: Visualizing Instance Data—Social Network Visualization
192
10.6 Future Work
195
10.7 Conclusions
195
10.8 References
195
Chapter 11 Semantic Association Networks: Using Semantic Web Technology to Improve Scholarly Knowledge and Expertise Management
197
11.1 Introduction
197
11.2 Scientific Trends and Current Means to Access Knowledge and Expertise
198
11.3 Semantic Association Networks
202
11.4 Implementing SANs: Opportunities and Challenges
208
11.5 Concluding Remarks
210
11.6 Acknowledgments
211
11.7 References
211
Chapter 12 Interactive Interfaces for Mapping E-Commerce Ontologies
213
12.1 XML-Based Communication between Companies: Visualizing a Mutual Understanding
213
12.2 The Process of Creating and Reading XML Documents and Its Native Visualizations
214
12.3 Technologies for Visualizing XML Documents
216
12.4 A Generalized Interface for Visualizing XML Metadata and Their Structural Relationships
219
12.5 A Web-Based Ontology Translator for E-Commerce Documents
220
12.6 Future Work
222
12.7 References
223
Chapter 13 Back Pain Data Collection Using Scalable Vector Graphics and Geographical Information Systems
224
13.1 Introduction
224
13.1.1 Back Pain Questionnaires
225
13.2 The Pain Drawing
225
13.2.1 Scoring Methods
227
13.2.2 Pain Drawings—Conclusions
228
13.3 Back Pain Data—Technological Solutions
228
13.3.1 SVG
229
13.3.2 ASP
229
13.3.3 GIS
229
13.3.4 Visualization for Mobile and Embedded Applications
230
13.4 System Requirements and Development
231
13.4.1 Regional Diagram for Visual Interaction
232
13.4.2 ASP with a GIF Image Map
233
13.4.3 ASP with SVG Image Map
233
13.4.4 GIS
235
13.5 Wireless-Enabled PDA Solution
235
13.6 Solutions Review and Comparison
237
13.6.1 Comparisons
239
13.7 Conclusions
240
13.8 References
241
Chapter 14 Social Network Analysis on the Semantic Web: Techniques and Challenges for Visualizing FOAF
243
14.1 Introduction
243
14.2 XML, the Semantic Web, and FOAF
244
14.3 Analyzing LiveJournal FOAF
246
14.4 Discussion and Conclusions
253
14.5 Acknowledgments
255
14.6 References
255
Chapter 15 Concluding Remarks: Today’s Vision of Envisioning the Semantic Future
257
Index
259
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