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Contents
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Chapter 1 Introduction
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1.1 Goals
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1.2 Overview
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1.3 Notes on using this book
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Chapter 2 Fundamentals of our approach
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2.1 Decision-oriented psychological assessment
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2.2 Our view of psychology
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2.3 Goals of decision-oriented assessment
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2.4 Conditions for psychological assessment
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2.5 General criteria for evaluating psychological reports
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Chapter 3 The client’s question
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3.1 Deciding for or against a client’s question
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3.2 Required assumptions
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3.3 Requirement profile
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3.4 Required knowledge for assessment work
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3.5 Prediction of individual behavior
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3.6 Citing the client’s question in the psychological report
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Chapter 4 Selection of variables
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4.1 Behavioral equation
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4.2 Environment variables
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4.3 Organism variables
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4.4 Cognitive variables
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4.5 Emotional variables
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4.6 Motivational variables
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4.7 Social variables
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4.8 Three classes of information for the explanation and prediction of
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4.9 Criteria for the selection of variables
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Chapter 5 Psychological Questions (= Hypotheses)
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5.1 The function of psychological questions
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5.2 Constructing psychological questions
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5.3 Formulating psychological questions
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5.4 Number of psychological questions
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Chapter 6 Workthrough of example clients’ questions
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6.1 Client‘s question
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6.2 Information available before the beginning of the assessment
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6.3 Requirement profile
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6.4 Psychological questions
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6.4.1 Grouping the psychological questions according to the behavioral equation
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6.4.2 Psychological questions relating to motivational conditions
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6.4.3 Psychological questions relating to intellectual conditions
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6.4.4 Psychological questions relating to the ability to withstand emotional and physical strain
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6.4.5 Psychological questions relating to social conditions
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6.4.6 Alternative ways of structuring psychological questions
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6.4.7 Decision-oriented construction of hypotheses for judicial questions regarding parental custody
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6.4.7.1 Goals of decision-oriented assessment in custody questions
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6.4.7.2 The requirement profile
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6.4.7.3 Selection of the relevant variables
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6.4.7.4 The formulation of psychological questions
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6.4.7.5 Shortened psychological questions
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Chapter 7 Planning the assessment
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7.1 Role of the assessment plan
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7.2 Broad plan of the assessment
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7.3 Detailed plan of the assessment
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7.4 Ratio of costs to benefits as a criterion for planning a
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Chapter 8 Analysis of the a-priori strategy
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8.1 Analysis of the a-priori strategy for single-case questions
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8.2 Qualitative analysis of the a-priori strategy
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8.3 Optimizing the assessment strategy
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8.4 Quantitative analysis of the a-priori strategy for institutional
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8.5 Analysis of the a-priori strategy for institutional questions
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Chapter 9 Features of assessment information sources
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9.1 Functions of the features of assessment information sources
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9.2 Nature of the observer
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9.3 Contents of the observation
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9.4 Time and duration of the observation
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9.5 Nature of the observation
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Chapter 10 Standardized assessment procedures
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10.1 Criteria for the selection of standardized assessment procedures
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10.2 A theory definition for psychological work
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10.3 Functions of theories for assessment procedures
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10.4 Objectivity of standardized procedures
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10.4.1 Objectivity in execution
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10.4.2 Measures for increasing the objectivity in execution
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10.4.3 Objectivity in scoring
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10.4.4 Objectivity of interpretation
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10.5 Reliability of standardized procedures
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10.5.1 Deciding on a type of reliability
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10.5.2 Evaluating the reliability
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10.6 Validity of standardized procedures
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10.7 Some comments on the size of validity coefficients
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Chapter 11 Part I of the assessment plan for the example client’s question relating to aptitude assessment
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11.1 Standardized procedures
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11.2 Decisions when selecting standardized procedures
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11.3 Selection of standardized procedures
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11.4 Description of the standardized procedures in the psychological
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Chapter 12 Decision-oriented interviewing
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12.1 Definition
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12.2 Aims of various types of interview
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12.3 Interview guide for the decision-oriented interview
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12.4 Function of interview guides
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12.5 Characteristics of interview guides
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12.6 Broad structure of an interview guide
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12.7 Detailed structure of an interview guide
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12.8 Features of efficient questions
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12.9 Poor questions
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12.10 Degree of openness of a question
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12.11 Degree of directness of a question
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12.12 Preconditions for carrying out decision-oriented interviews
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12.13 Conditions for a successful assessment interview
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Chapter 13 Part II of the assessment plan for the example of a client‘s question concerning aptitude assessment
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13.1 Interview guide for the decision-oriented interview
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13.2 Selection of the partly-standardized and non-standardized
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13.3 Description of the partly-standardized and non-standardized
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Chapter 14 Person perception and assessment judgments
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14.1 Person perception in daily life and assessment judgments
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14.2 The importance of social psychological research into person
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14.3 Individual differences in assessment judgments
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Chapter 15 Errors and biases in the process of forming assessment judgments
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15.1 Description of errors and biases in the process of forming
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15.2 Errors and biases in psychological questions
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15.3 Errors and biases of judgment when planning assessments
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15.4 Errors and biases of judgment when presenting the results of the
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15.5 Errors and biases of judgment in the conclusions
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15.5.1 Generally observable errors and biases of judgment in the conclusions
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15.5.2 Errors and biases of judgment in the conclusions which are determined by the personality of the assessing psychologist
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Chapter 16 Possibilities of minimizing errors and biases in assessment decision-making
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16.1 Extending knowledge
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16.2 Initial conditions
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16.3 Combining statements
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16.4 Decision criteria
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16.5 Attributing traits to people
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16.5.1 Four types of behavioral description
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16.5.2 Features of personality traits
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16.6 Development of documented assessment plans
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Chapter 17 Evaluating behavioral observations
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17.1 Types of behavioral observation
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17.2 Scoring tests
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17.3 Presenting the test results
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17.4 Decision-oriented interviews: analysis
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17.5 Interview results: presentation
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17.6 Presentation of interview results in indirect speech
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Chapter 18 The data section of the example psychological report
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18.1 Aptitude assessment sample case: 4. Data Section
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Chapter 19 The results section
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19.1 Aims of the assessor in the results section
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19.2 Procedure of the assessor in the results section
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19.3 Recommendations and suggestions in the psychological report
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19.4 Formulations in the results section
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Chapter 20 Results section of the example psychological report
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Chapter 21 Foundations of a theory of decision-oriented psychological assessment
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21.1 Assumptions of the theory
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21.2 Beliefs as cognitions directing actions
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21.3 Expectations as cognitions directing actions
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21.4 On the testability of the theory
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21.5 First results of empirical tests of the theory of decision-oriented
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21.5.1 Assessment in family law: how it is and how it can be
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21.5.2 On the development of assessment strategies
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21.5.3 Decision-oriented interviewing in psychological assessment
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21.5.4 Training in psychological assessment
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21.5.5 Guidelines for the Assessment Process (GAP)
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21.6 Decision-oriented assessment – a useful technology
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21.6.1 A technology – a necessity in psychological assessment
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21.6.2 Utility as the highest criterion of a technology
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21.6.3 Optimization of assessment strategies
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Chapter 22 Aids for the evaluation of psychological reports by non-psychologists
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22.1 Structure of a psychological report
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22.2 Transparency of the psychological report
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22.3 Formulations in the psychological report
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22.4 Client’s question
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22.5 Formulation of psychological questions
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22.6 Description of the assessment plan in the psychological report
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22.7 Scoring and analyzing tests and questionnaires in the data
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22.8 Description and analysis of interviews and non-standardized
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22.9 Results section of a psychological report
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22.10 Recommendations and suggestions in the psychological report
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Chapter 23 Checklists to support the psychological assessor during the assessment process and the writing of a psychological report
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Unknown
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23.1 Checklist: The client’s question
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23.2 Checklist: Profile of requirements
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23.3 Checklist: Knowledge
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23.4 Checklist: Selection of groups of variables
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23.5 Checklist: Selection of environment variables
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23.6 Checklist: Selection of organism variables
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23.7 Checklist: Selection of cognitive variables
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23.8 Checklist: Selection of emotional variables
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23.9 Checklist: Selection of motivational variables
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23.10 Checklist: Selection of social variables
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23.11 Checklist: Criteria for the selection of variables
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23.12 Checklist: Formulating psychological questions (= hypotheses)
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23.13 Checklist: Selection of sources of information
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23.14 Checklist: Detailed planning of the assessment
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23.15 Checklist: Costs and benefits of every source of information
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23.16 Checklist: Evaluation of an observer
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23.17 Checklist: Contents of observations
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23.18 Checklist: Characteristics of scientific behavioral observations
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23.19 Checklist: Criteria for the selection of standardized procedures
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23.20 Checklist: Objectivity of execution of psychological assessment
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23.21 Checklist: Criteria for scoring and analyzing psychological
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23.22 Checklist: Conditions for the highest possible degree of
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23.23 Checklist: Reliability of standardized psychological assessment
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23.24 Checklist: Validity of standardized psychological assessment
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23.25 Checklist: Planning a decision-oriented interview (DOI)
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23.26 Checklist: Broad structure of an interview guide
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23.27 Checklist: Detailed structure of an interview guide
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23.28 Checklist: Formulating “good” questions
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23.29 Checklist: Suggestive questions
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23.30 Checklist: Conditions for decision-oriented interviews
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23.31 Checklist: Presenting the plan of the assessment in the
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23.32 Checklist: Scoring of tests and questionnaires and presenting the
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23.33 Checklist: Analysis and presentation of information from
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23.34 Checklist: The results section of a psychological report
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23.35 Checklist: Recommendations and suggestions in a psychological
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23.36 Checklist: Formulations in the results section of a psychological
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23.37 Checklist: Structure of a psychological report
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Chapter 24 Checklists for the evaluation of psychological reports by non-psychologists
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24.1 Structure of a psychological report
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24.2 Transparency of the psychological report
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24.3 Formulations in the psychological report
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24.4 Client’s question
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24.5 Formulation of psychological questions
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24.6 Description of the assessment plan in the psychological report
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24.7 Scoring and analysis of tests and questionnaires in the data section
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24.8 Analysis and presentation of information from interviews and non-standardized
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24.9 Results section of a psychological report
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24.10 Recommendations and suggestions in the psychological report
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References
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