Introduction to E-commerce

Preface

Table of Contents

Part 1 Fundamentals

1 Fundamentals of E-commerce

1.1 The Origin and Development of E-commerce

1.1.1 The Origin and Development of E-commerce

1.1.2 The Definitions of E-commerce

1.1.3 E-commerce in China

1. E-commerce based on EDI (1990 1993)

2. “Three Golden Projects” carried out by governments in 1993 1997 establish, the foundation of e-commerce

3. E-commerce based on Internet since 1998

4. The pragmatic development phase in 2000

1.2 Influence of Related Basic Sciences on E-commerce

1.2.1 Influence of Mathematics on E-commerce

1. Probability model

2. Queuing theory model

3. Nonlinear dynamic model

4. Graph theory model

1.2.2 The Impact of Computer Science Upon the E-commerce

1.2.3 Impact of Communications Science upon the E-commerce

1.2.4 The Impact of Management Science upon E-commerce

1.3 Categories of the E-commerce

1.3.1 B2B

1. Volume of business transaction of B2B takes up the majority of the total trading volume in e-commerce

2. The B2B e-commerce companies hold an advantage in lowering operation cost

3. B2B e-commerce companies are more suitable for modern logistics management

4. B2B e-commerce companies are competitive in guaranteeing credit and capital security during operation course

5. E-commerce of B2B is more mature in both theory and practice

1.3.2 B2C

1. Online subscription categories

2. Advertisements-supported categories

3. Online donation categories

1.3.3 B2G

1.3.4 G2G

1. Government procurement

2. The electronic taxation

1.3.5 C2C

1.4 The Constitution of the E-commerce

1.4.1 Portal of the Network

1.4.2 Customer Relationship Management

Client Intelligence (CI)

1.4.3 Supply Chain Management

1. SCM Pattern

2. Functions of SCM

3. Components of SCM

1.4.4 Logistic Management

1.4.5 Decision Support

1.5 Supporting Environments for E-commerce

1.5.1 Technical Environment

1. Internet infrastructure

2. Multimedia and online publication

3. Newspapers and information communication infrastructure

4. Commercial service infrastructure

5. Public policies, laws and privacy

6. Technology standard

1.5.2 Legal Environment

1. Legal problems in e-commerce contracts

2. Legal protection on e-commerce transaction

3. Problems in the electronicization of banks

1.5.3 Credit Environment

1. Pattern of market operation and legislation guide

2. Pattern of government-driven and direct supervision

1.5.4 Financial Environment

1. Financial service in e-commerce era

2. Online financial services

1.6 M-commerce

1.6.1 The Origin of M-commerce

1.6.2 M-commerce Components

1.6.3 The Development of M-commerce

1.6.4 The Application of M-commerce

1.7 Summary

References

Part 2 Technology

2 E-commerce Supporting Technologies

2.1 E-commerce Fundamental Technology

2.1.1 Web Technology

2.1.2 HTML

2.1.3 XML

2.1.4 Java

1. Platform-independent

2. Security

3. Object-oriented

4. Distributed

5. Robust

2.2 Computer Communication Technology

2.2.1 TCP/IP Protocols

2.2.2 HTTP Communication Protocol

2.2.3 EDI Communication Protocol

2.2.4 WAP Communication Protocol

2.2.5 WLAN Protocol

1. IEEE 802.11X

2. HIPERLAN

3. HomeRF

4. WLAN standards in China

2.2.6 Bluetooth Protocol

2.3 Information Processing Technologies in E-commerce

2.3.1 Global Positioning System (GPS)

1. Pseudo-range difference

2. Carrier phase difference

2.3.2 Geographical Information System (GIS)

1. GIS vs. general database

2. GIS vs. digital map

2.3.3 Decision Supporting System (DSS)

2.3.4 Group Decision Supporting System (GDSS)

2.3.5 Intelligent Decision Supporting System (IDSS)

2.4 Summary

References

3 Payment Technologies for E-commerce

3.1 Online Bank

3.1.1 The Development of Online Banks

3.1.2 The Function of Online Bank

1. Commercial banking business

2. Online payment

3. New business domain

3.1.3 Online Banking Technologies

3.2 E-payment Tools

3.2.1 E-payment System

3.2.2 Intelligent Card

3.2.3 E-check

3.2.4 E-wallet

3.2.5 E-cash

3.3 Summary

References

4 Security Technologies in E-commerce

4.1 Introduction to Security Problems in E-commerce

4.2 Reliability of E-commerce System

4.3 Data Encryption Technology

4.3.1 Symmetric Encryption System

4.3.2 Public Key Encryption Algorithm

4.3.3 Mixed Encryption Technology

4.4 Digital Signature

4.4.1 Sign the Document with Public Key Algorithm

4.4.2 Signature with One-way Hash Function and Public Key System

4.5 Authentication Technology

4.5.1 Digital Authentication Technology

4.5.2 Biological Verification Technology

1. Fingerprint Authentication

2. Iris Authentication

3. Face Authentication

4. Hand Shape Authentication

5. Palmprint Authentication

6. Gait Authentication

7. Manual Signature Authentication

8. Voice Authentication

9. Comparison of biological Authentication technology

4.6 Firewall Technology

4.6.1 Introduction to Firewall

4.6.2 Functions of the Firewall

1. Defending function

2. Security characteristic

3. Management function

4. Record and report

4.6.3 Categories of Firewall

1. Packet filtering firewall

2. Application proxy firewall

3. Hybrid firewall

4.7 Intrusion Detection Technology

4.7.1 Introduction to Intrusion Detection

4.7.2 Intrusion Detection Method

1. Technical classification

2. Commonly used detection methods

4.8 Secure Payment Technology

4.8.1 SSL Protocol

4.8.2 SET Protocol

4.9 Summary

References

Part 3 Management

5 E-commerce and the Law

5.1 Legal Problems in E-contract

1. True intentions

2. The offer and acceptance in e-contracts

3. The entry-in-force of the acceptance in e-contracts

4. The signature

5. Paperwork problem

6. The evidence effect of e-commerce documents

7. Proof of computer records

8. The admissibility of evidence in e-commerce

9. The submission of originals

5.2 Legal Problems in E-banks

1. Elements of electronic fund transfer

2. Procedures in electronic fund transfer

3. Problems of safety brought by computer crimes

4. The issuance and management of e-currency

5. The unity of Certification Authority (CA) and payment gateway

5.3 The legal Problems in the Electronic Fund Transfer

The definition of the subjects in the electronic fund transfer

5.4 The Intellectual Property Protection in the E-commerce

5.4.1 Legal Problems Brought forth by Domain Names

1. The legal conflict between domain names and name rights

2. The legal conflict between domain names and enterprise name rights

3. The legal conflict between domain names and trademark rights

4. The conflict between domain names and other domain name rights

5.4.2 The Coordination of the Conflicts Between Domain Names and Intellectual Property

1. Define the legal status of domain names

2. Establish the communication and coordination channel between the domain name registration mechanism and the legal system of intellectual property protection

3. Proposals concerning domain names by the international community

5.4.3 WIPO's Coordination About the Conflicts Between Domain Names and Intellectual Property

1. Measures to avoid domain name conflicting in the registration phase

2. Measure taken towards inaccurate and insecure information

3. Measures concerning uniqueness

4. A globally unified mechanism to solve domain name conflicts

5. Protection of famous and well-known trademarks

5.4.4 Copyright Issues in E-commerce

1. Conflicts between services in e-commerce and traditional copyright

2. Online bookstores and copyright

3. Copyright protection of databases

4. Current status of database protection in the US

5.5 Legal Problems of E-commerce Security

5.5.1 Security Problems in E-commerce

1. Security elements in e-commerce

2. General situation of e-commerce security legislation

3. Current status of e-commerce security legislation in China

5.5.2 Legal Systems Concerning the E-commerce Security

5.5.3 Legal Responsibilities for the Violation of E-commerce Security Laws

1. Administrative penalty

2. Administrative responsibilities for the violation of e-commerce security systems

5.6 Consumer Rights Protection in E-commerce

5.6.1 Impacts of E-commerce on Consumers

1. The change of roles of consumers promoted by network

2. New legal problems of consumer protection initiated by e-commerce

3. Problems about e-commerce websites

4. Responsibility cognizance

5. Responsibility investigation

6. Jurisdiction problem

5.6.2 E-commerce and Consumer Privacy Protection

1. Main contents of consumer privacy protection

2. Legal strategies to protect consumer privacy by all countries and international organizations

3. Problems to be discussed: the balance between privacy protection and the benefits of e-commerce operators

4. Strategies to protect online consumers rights by all countries and international organizations

5.7 Legal Liability in E-commerce

5.7.1 Civil Liability in E-commerce

1. Concept of civil liability in e-commerce

2. Contract liability in e-commerce

3. Tort liability principle in e-commerce

4. Torts of violation of e-commerce laws

5. Several major torts in violation of personal privacy

6. Tort liability forms in e-commerce

5.7.2 Administrative Liability in E-commerce

1. Administrative liability in e-commerce

2. Administrative liability about intellectual property involved in e-commerce

3. Administrative liability about copyright involved in e-commerce

4. Administrative liability about customer rights protection in e-commerce

5.7.3 Criminal Responsibility in E-commerce

1. Phenomena and features of crimes in e-commerce

2. Crimes and criminal responsibilities in e-commerce

3. Problems and challenges in the application of criminal laws

4. Blind area of current criminal law

5.8 Brief Introduction to the "Electronic Signature Law of the PRC"

5.9 Summary

References

6 E-commerce and Tax

6.1 An Outline of Tax in E-commerce

1. The categorization of traditional tax revenue

2. The concept of tax jurisdiction

6.2 Features of E-commerce Tax

6.3 Problems in E-commerce Tax

1. Problems concerning international tax distribution and domestic tax revenue

2. Restatement about the taxation

3. Taxation Jurisdiction

4. Common matters in domestic e-commerce

6.4 E-commerce and Tax Administration

6.5 Strategies in E-commerce Taxation

1. The scholars’ perspective: open new taxes. New taxes proposed include bit tax and Tobin tax

2. The US perspective

3. Solution to e-commerce taxation by OECD

4. Canada

5. Method of EU to solve the problem of e-commerce taxation

6. Strategies of ECTSG

7. Strategies of developing countries

8. The strategy of e-commerce taxation in our country

6.6 Summary

References

7 Network Enterprise Management

7.1 Overview of Network Enterprises

7.1.1 Background and Basic Characteristics of Network Enterprises

7.1.2 Knowledge Management

7.1.3 Virtual Enterprise

7.2 Supply Chain Management of Network Enterprises

7.2.1 Overview of Supply Chain Management

7.2.2 Construction of Supply Chain Management

7.2.3 Cooperation Management of Supply Chain

7.3 Logistics Management of Network Enterprise

7.3.1 Logistics Management Overview

7.3.2 Environmental Logistics

7.3.3 The Third Party Logistics

7.4 Human Resources Management of Network Enterprise

7.4.1 Overview of Human Resources Management

7.4.2 Realization of Human Resources Management

1. Integrality and integration

2. Easy to use

3. Network function and self-service

4. Open

5. Flexibility

6. Intelligentization

7. Powerful report forms/graph output function

8. System security

7.5 Summary

References

Part 4 Practice

8 E-commerce Architecture and System Design

8.1 E-commerce Architecture

8.1.1 Infrastructure

8.1.2 Data Flow of Infrastructure

8.1.3 Process Control of Infrastructure

1. A sends a business request to C

2. C accepts A’s Request, and prepares to start agent to search the appropriate entity B

3. C sends a response to A, and starts an agent to search the appropriate entity B at the same time

4. Start payment process

8.1.4 Optimizing Method of Infrastructure

1. Reachability

2. Boundedness

3. Conservativeness

4. Activity

5. Resumption

6. Common optimizing models

8.1.5 Event Process Control of Infrastructure

1. Sequential relation

2. Conflict relation

3. Collision relation

4. Concurrent relation

8.2 E-commerce Security System

1. OSI security architecture

2. E-commerce security factor

8.3 E-commerce Payment System

8.3.1 E-commerce and Online Payment

8.3.2 Data Flow and Process Control of Payment System

1. Cardholder register and apply

2. Purchase request

3. Handling of the request information by the seller

4. Receiving the purchase response by the cardholder

5. Getting Payment

8.4 Architecture and Design Method of E-commerce Application System Software

8.4.1 Architecture of E-commerce Application System Software

1. Basic system model

2. Software architecture

8.4.2 Design Method of Application E-commerce System

1. Client

2. Web application server

3. Infrastructure service

8.5 Summary

References

9 Portal Site Design of Virtual Enterprise

9.1 E-commerce and Portal Site

9.1.1 Concept of Portal Site

9.1.2 Meaning of Portal Site

1. Upgrade enterprises’ image

2. Make enterprises acquire network-communicating capability

3. Can introduce corporation and its products in detail

4. Can tie up with customers

5. Can build business relation with potential customers

6. Can reduce communication cost

7. Can receive customers feedback in time

8. Can make corporation serve customers better

9.2 Online Virtual Shop

9.2.1 Virtual Shop Mode

9.2.2 Virtual Shop Design

9.2.3 Implementation of Virtual Shop

9.3 Design Method of Product Catalog

9.3.1 Product Information Storage

1. Organization of information

2. Information grouping

3. Structure of product information database

4. Relation among tables

9.3.2 Product Information Inquiry Function

1. Design principle

2. Inquiry Example

9.4 Design of Online Shopping Cart

9.4.1 Online Shopping Cart and Implementation Technology

1. Definitions and analysis of online shopping cart

2. Implementation technology of online shopping cart

9.4.2 Database of Online Shopping Cart and Actual Implementation Policy

1. Design ideology of online shopping cart based on database technology

2. Implementation of online shopping cart based on database technology

9.5 Processing of Electronic Order

9.5.1 Processing Flow of Order

1. Order data input

2. Checking out and confirmation of order data

3. Storage distribution

4. Order form data processing output

9.5.2 Gathering the Payment Online

1. Payment gateway technology

2. Validation of credit card

9.6 Search and Inquiry of Website

9.6.1 Application of Advanced SQL

1. Grouping result function

2. Embedded inquiry

3. Defined variables in SQL*Plus

9.6.2 Optimizing Database Inquiry

1. Classification of optimization

2. Optimization skill

9.7 Customer Service in E-commerce Time

9.7.1 Component Technology and Build Method of Call Center

1. Key technology of call center

2. Construction solution to call center

9.7.2 Application of Electronic Mail List

1. Effect of electronic mail list on enterprise

2. Website

3. Stock information

4. News release

5. Organizations and club

6. Mail order service

9.8 Release Technology of Web Database

9.9 Summary

References

10 Computer System Integration and E-commerce

10.1 Overview of System Integration

10.1.1 Production and Development of System Integration

10.1.2 Principle of System Integration

10.2 Hardware System Integration of E-commerce

10.2.1 Integration of Server

1. Method of server integration

2. Integration of server

3. Integration of high performance server

10.2.2 Integration of Communication Network

1. Integration of LAN

2. WAN integration

3. Integration of high speed network

10.3 Integration of E-commerce Application System Software

10.3.1 Integration Mode of E-commerce Application System Software

1. Synchronous replication

2. Asynchronous replication

3. Brokering Application

4. Application-to-application B2B

10.3.2 Integration of Protocols

1. Security protocol of Internet

2. Main secure protocol of Internet—SSL security protocol

3. The second main security protocol of Internet—SET security protocol

4. Secure Hyper Text Transmission Protocol (SHTTP)

5. Secure Transaction Technology (STT)

6. UN/EDIFACT standard

10.3.3 Application System Software Environment Integration

1. Integration based on C/S

2. Integration based on B/S

3. Integration based on distributed three-layer model

10.4 Summary

References

Part 5 E-commerce Application

11 E-commerce and International Trade

11.1 E-commerce and International Trade

11.1.1 The International Trade Calls for the Emergence of E-commerce

11.1.2 E-commerce Promotes the Development of the International Trade

11.1.3 E-commerce Brings about Changes to the International Trade

11.2 Applying E-commerce to International Trade

11.2.1 Using E-commerce Technology to Obtain Commercial Information

11.2.2 Using E-commerce in the Business Negotiation

1. Applications in preparing goods

2. Applications in inspection

3. Applications in the delivery

4. Applications in the covering insurance and customs declaration

5. Applications in obtaining export licenses

6. Applications in export rebates

7. Applications in export paperwork

11.2.3 Application in the Technology and Service Trade

1. Applications in the international technology trade

2. Application in the international service trade

3. Applications in international financial trade

4. Applications in international tourism

11.3 E-commerce and International Trade Network Marketing

11.3.1 The Foundation of Internet Marketing

11.3.2 Network Marketing Tool

1. E-mail

2. Search engine

3. Log File

4. Mail List

11.3.3 Network Marketing Technology

1. The stage of understanding Internet

2. Network marketing stage

11.4 Designing an International Trade E-commerce System

11.4.1 The International Trade Business Analysis

11.4.2 Frame of international Trade E-commerce System

11.4.3 International Trade E-commerce System Design

11.4.4 EDI-based International Trade E-commerce System

11.5 Summary

References

12 Network Application Psychology

12.1 Introduction to Network Application Psychology

1. Comment of philosophy on psychology

2. Localization of application psychology

12.1.1 Appearance of Network Application Psychology

12.1.2 Research Content of Network Application psychology

1. Network society and psychology

2. Network and psychology

3. Construction of network application psychology

12.1.3 Significance of Network Application psychology

1. Attention should be paid to the importance of network application psychology

2. Significance of network application psychology research

12.2 Network Interaction Psychology

12.2.1 Network Interaction

1. Content of network interaction

2. Form of network interaction

3. Characteristics of network interaction

4. Form of network interaction in realistic society

12.2.2 The Appearance and Analysis of Network Interaction Psychology

1. The need of acquiring information, help and study

2. The need of Emotional Interaction and mental communication

12.2.3 The Effect of Network Interaction Psychology

1. The network interaction speeds up the development of the network

2. Fun with the network interaction

3. Network interaction—coexistence of happiness and unhappiness

4. New campus fashion: online moral education

12.3 Network Application Psychology

12.3.1 Psychology Characteristic of Network Application

1. Psychology problem in network

12.3.2 Analysis on Psychology Characteristic of Network Application

1. Concepts of Internet addiction

2. Measurement tools of Internet addiction

3. The advantages and disadvantages of investigative methods of Internet addiction

4. Academic model of Internet addiction

12.4 Network Management Psychology

12.4.1 General Psychology of Network Management

1. General psychology of online game management

2. Trend of human-computer interaction

3. The psychological momentum of the human-human interaction pattern

4. The demand psychology of network information service user

5. The defense psychology of the network information services users

12.4.2 Behavior Psychology of Network Management

1. Online discussion

2. Synchronous space psychology

12.5 Summary

References

13 E-commerce Case Analysis

13.1 Methods of E-commerce Analysis

13.1.1 Methods of the Evaluation and Analysis of E-commerce Websites

13.1.2 Method of E-commerce Case analysis

1. PEST analysis (general environment analysis)

2. Competition factor analysis

3. BCG Matrix and Value Chain Analysis

4. SWOT Analysis

5. Three ways to analyze competitiveness

6. Model analysis of five forces

13.2 Case Study

13.2.1 Case Study of China's Agricultural Products E-commerce

13.2.2 Case Analysis of E-commerce Supply Chain Management

Present situation of supply chain management in Shanghai bell corporation

13.2.3 Case Analysis of E-commerce in Commodities Circulation Areas

1. Individual (consumers)

2. Enterprise (Group)

3. Case of online shopping

13.2.4 Case Study of E-commerce in the Financial Industry

13.2.5 Case Analysis of E-commerce in Petrochemical Industry

13.3 Summary

References