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Ambient Intelligence - A Novel Paradigm
of: Gian Luca Foresti, Tim Ellis
Springer-Verlag, 2006
ISBN: 9780387229911 , 240 Pages
Format: PDF, Read online
Copy protection: DRM
Contents
7
Preface
9
Foreword
11
1 AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE
14
1. Introduction
14
2. The Essex approach
15
2.1 The iDorm - A Testbed for Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence
15
2.2 The iDorm Embedded Computational Artifacts
17
3. Integrating Computer Vision
21
3.1 User Detection
22
3.2 Estimating reliability of detection
24
3.3 Vision in the iDorm
26
4. Conclusions
26
References
26
2 TOWARDS AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE FOR THE DOMESTIC CARE OF THE ELDERLY
28
1. Introduction
28
2. An Integrated Supervision System
29
2.1 E-service Based Integration Schemata
32
3. People and Robot Localization and Tracking System
34
3.1 System architecture and implementation
36
4. The Plan Execution Monitoring System
39
4.1 Representing Contingencies
42
4.2 The Execution Monitor
43
5. Integrating Sensing and Execution Monitoring: a Running Example
46
6. Conclusions and Future Work
49
References
51
3 SCALING AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE
52
1. Ambient Intelligence: the contribution of different disciplines
52
2. I-BLOCKS technology
55
3. Design process
57
4. Scaling Ambient Intelligence at level of compositional devices: predefined activities
58
4.1 Arithmetic training
59
4.2 Storytelling Play Scenario
60
4.3 Linguistic scenario
63
5. Scaling Ambient Intelligence at level of compositional devices: free activities
65
6. Scaling Ambient Intelligence at the level of configurable environments: future scenarios
67
6.1 The Augmented Playground
67
6.2 Self-reconfigurable Robots
70
7. Discussion and conclusions
71
References
73
4 VIDEO AND RADIO ATTRIBUTES EXTRACTION FOR HETEROGENEOUS LOCATION ESTIMATION
76
1. Introduction
76
2. Related work
77
3. Main tasks of Ambient Intelligence systems
78
4. Architecture design
79
4.1 Inspiration
79
4.2 Mapping the Model into an AmI Architecture
81
4.3 Artificial Sensing
82
4.4 Proposed structure
82
5. Context aware systems
84
5.1 Location feature
85
5.2 The formalism
86
5.3 Alignment and Extraction of Video and Radio Object Reports
88
6. Results
93
6.1 The environment
93
6.2 Results for video object extraction
93
6.3 Results for radio object extraction
93
6.4 Alignment results
95
7. Conclusions
95
8. Acknowledgments
96
References
96
5 DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE MULTICAMERA NETWORKS
102
1. Introduction
102
2. Sensing modalities
102
3. Vision for Ambient Intelligence
103
4. Architecture
104
5. Tracking and object detection
105
5.1 Object detection
105
5.2 Tracking
106
5.3 Appearance models
107
5.4 Track data
108
6. Normalization
108
7. Multi-camera coordination
110
8. Multi-scale image acquisition
111
8.1 Active Head Tracking and Face Cataloging
112
8.2 Uncalibrated, multiscale data acquisition
114
8.3 Extensions
115
9. Indexing Surveillance Data
115
9.1 Visualization
116
10. Privacy
116
11. Conclusions
117
References
117
6 A DISTRIBUTED MULTIPLE CAMERA SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
120
1. Introduction
120
2. System architecture
121
3. Motion detection and single-view tracking
121
3.1 Motion Detection
122
3.2 Scene Models
124
3.3 Target Tracking
125
3.4 Partial Observation
126
3.5 Target Reasoning
129
4. Multi view tracking
133
4.1 Homography Estimation
133
4.2 Least Median of Squares
134
4.3 Feature Matching Between Overlapping Views
135
4.4 3D Measurements
136
4.5 Tracking in 3D
137
4.6 Non-Overlapping Views
139
5. System architecture
142
5.1 Surveillance Database
143
6. Summary
145
7. Appendix
147
7.1 Kalman Filter
147
7.2 Homography Estimation
148
7.3 3D Measurement Estimation
149
References
150
7 LEARNING AND INTEGRATING INFORMATION FROM MULTIPLE CAMERA VIEWS
152
1. Introduction
152
1.1 Semantic Scene Model
154
2. Learning point-based regions
156
3. Learning trajectory-based regions
159
3.1 Route model
159
3.2 Learning algorithm
161
3.3 Segmentation to paths and junctions
162
4. Activity analysis
163
5. Integration of information from multiple views
164
5.1 Multiple Camera Activity Network (MCAN)
166
6. Database
168
6.1 Metadata Generation
171
7. Summary
175
References
175
8 FAST ONLINE SPEAKER ADAPTATION FOR SMART ROOM APPLICATIONS
178
1. Introduction
178
2. Description of the proposed on-line adaptation technique
179
3. Implementation details of proposed approach
183
3.1 Calculation of in an FST framework
183
4. Experimental details and results
185
5. Conclusions
187
References
187
9 STEREO-BASED 3D FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR AMI
190
1. Introduction
190
2. Face Recognition: Review
192
2.1 Face Recognition from Still Images
192
2.2 Face Recognition from Image Retrievals
193
2.3 3D Face Recognition
194
2.4 NIVA System Overview
195
3. NIVA 3D Vision System
195
3.1 NIVA 3D Stereo-based Face Database
196
4. Face Recognition in NIVA
196
4.1 Fisher/Linear Discriminant Analysis
197
4.2 Face Classification in NIVA
198
4.3 Pattern Vectors
198
5. NIVA Dynamic Indexing to Database and Recognition
199
6. NIVA Implementation of Indexing and Recognition
199
6.1 Feature Space
200
6.4 Step 2: Face Recognition
202
7. Testing and Results
202
7.1 Indexing and Recognition Performance
203
7.2 Conclusion and Future Work
205
References
209
10 SECURITY AND BUILDING INTELLIGENCE
212
1. Introduction
212
2. System Description
213
3. People tracking and counting
215
3.1 People tracking
215
3.2 People counting
216
4. Event detection and association
217
5. Experimental results
217
6. AmI for training environments
218
7. Conclusions
222
References
223
11 SUSTAINABLE CYBERNETICS SYSTEMS
226
1. Encoding Interplay and Co-Evolution
229
1.1 Encoding Interplay between Natural and Cybernetic Systems
229
1.2 Encoding Co-Evolution of Natural and Cybernetic Systems
236
2. Sustaining Ambient Intelligence
245
2.1 Propagating Structure and Function
245
2.2 Indicators of Sustainability
249
2.3 Collective Intelligent Agents
250
3. Conclusion
250
References
251
Index
252
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