Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Miyoshi_Frontmatter_O.pdf

Miyoshi_Ch01_O.pdf

Part I: Clinical Manifestations of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Introduction

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Characteristics of Clinical Manifestations of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Multiple Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Occur Simultaneously

Probable and Possible Symptoms of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Could Be the Earliest Symptomsin Cerebral Disorders

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Are Not Pathognomonic to a Certain Cerebral Disorder

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms May Mimic Endogenous Psychoses

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Syndromes

Anxiety and Neurotic Complaints

Apathy

Mood Disorder

Hallucinations and Delusions

Behavioral and Personality Changes

Delirium

Persistent Cognitive Impairment (Dementia)

Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

Neurodegenerative Dementias of Non-Alzheimer Type

Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch02_O.pdf

Thyroid–Brain Interactions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Introduction

Thyroid Axis Hormone Secretion and Metabolism

Thyroid Hormone Transport to the Brain

Thyroid Hormone Receptors and Homeostasis in the Brain

Fetal Thyroid Economy and Development of the Brain

MCT-8 Mutations and Neurodevelopment

Hypothyroidism and Mental Function in Adults

Treatment of Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism and Mental Symptoms in Adults

Treatment of Hyperthyroidism

Low T3 Syndrome in Mental Disorders

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Mood Disorders

Thyroid Function in Mood Disorders

Thyroid Abnormalities and Schizophrenia

Thyroid Axis Hormones in Treatment of Mental Disorders

Thyroid Hormones

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch03_O.pdf

Lack of Insight and Awareness in Schizophrenia and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Introduction

Insight into Psychiatric Disorders (Schizophrenia)

Awareness and Symptomatology

Clinical and Demographic Factors

Awareness and Neurocognition

Neuroimaging

Mood

Insight and Awareness in Alzheimer’s Disease

Insight and Awareness in Brain Injury

Direct Comparison of Insight and Awareness in Patients with Schizophrenia, AD, and Brain Injury

Participants

Methods

Results

Between-Group Contrasts

Pooled Patient Analysis

Summary and Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch04_O.pdf

Visual Hallucinations in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Introduction

Visual Hallucinations in Synucleinopathies

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Epidemiology

Factors Associated with VH in DLB

Clinical Characteristics of VH in DLB

Clinical Impact and Treatment of VH in DLB

Parkinson’s Disease

Epidemiology

Factors Associated with the Presentation of Hallucinations in PD

Clinical Characteristics of VH in PD

Clinical Impact and Treatment of VH in PD

Multiple System Atrophy

VH in Tauopathies

Alzheimer’s Disease

Epidemiology

Factors Associated with the Presentation of Hallucinations in AD

Clinical Characteristics of VH in AD

Clinical Impact and Treatment of VH in AD

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Frontotemporal Dementia

VH in Heredodegenerative and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch05_O.pdf

Organic Delusional Syndrome: Tentative Neuropsychological Mechanism of Delusions

Introduction

Persecutory Delusion and Delusional Perception in PDFTBI

Delusional Misidentification Syndrome: Capgras Syndrome

Anosognosia and Somatoparaphrenia

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch06_O.pdf

Neurological and Psychological Formsof Amnesia

Introduction

Transient Neurological Amnesias

Transient Global Amnesia

Transient Epileptic Amnesia

Persistent Neurological Memory Disorders

The Korsakoff Syndrome

Herpes Encephalitis

Confabulation

Transient Psychogenic Amnesia

Psychogenic Fugue

Situation-Specific Amnesia

Persistent Psychogenic Amnesia

Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch07_O.pdf

The Neuropsychological Aspect of Epilepsy

Discussion and Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch08_O.pdf

The Interictal Dysphoric Disorder of Epilepsy

Epilepsy and Depression: An Overview

Is Depression Associated with Any Specific Epilepsy Syndrome?

Is There a Mood Disorder Specific of Epilepsy? The Interictal Dysphoric Disorder

Diagnosing Mood Disorders in Patients with Epilepsy

Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch09_O.pdf

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Seizure Disorders with Special Reference to the Amygdala

Introduction

The Amygdala

The Amygdala in Epilepsy

Structural Changes

Functional Studies

Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch10_O.pdf

Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury During Acute Neurorehabilitation*

Introduction

Defining TBI

Characterizing TBI Severity

Neurobiology of TBI

Brain–Behavior Relationships and TBI

Posttraumatic Encephalopathy

Neuropsychiatric Evaluation of TBI in the Acute Rehabilitation Setting

Bedside Assessment Methods

Neurodiagnostic Methods

Review of Concurrently Prescribed Treatments

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch11_O.pdf

Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Background

Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Cognitive Impairment

Alzheimer’s Disease

Depression

Psychotic Symptoms

Cerebrovascular Diseases Associated with Cognitive Impairment and Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Stroke

Silent Infarcts

White Matter Lesions

Mixed Pathology

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch12_O.pdf

Neuropsychiatric Complications of Cerebrovascular Disease

Introduction

Mania

Anxiety

Apathy

Disturbance of the Sleep–Wake Cycle

Fatigue

Sexual Dysfunction

Cognitive Performance

Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder

Irritability

Psychosis

Agitation

Depression

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch13_O.pdf

Systemic Inflammation and Cognition in the Elderly

Introduction

Background

Inflammation and Alzheimer’s disease

“Inflammaging”

Cross-Sectional Studies

Longitudinal Studies

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch14_O.pdf

Diagnosis and Clinical Relevance of Depression and Apathy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Diagnosis of Depression in AD

Diagnostic Criteria for Depression in AD

Frequency of Depression in AD

Clinical Correlates of Depression in AD

Conclusion

Apathy in AD

Diagnosis of Apathy in AD

Differential Diagnosis of Apathy in AD

Frequency of Apathy in AD

Clinical Correlates of Apathy in AD

Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch15_O.pdf

Cognitive Decline and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Treatment of AD

Specific Goals of Treatment

Restoring Neuronal Function

Preventing Synapse and Cell Death

Treatment of the Primary Cognitive Symptoms

Cholinergic Agents

Acetylcholine Precursors

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Glutamate Regulators

Antioxidants

Antiinflammatory Drugs

Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Neurotrophic Factors

Treatment of Secondary Noncognitive Symptoms

New Nonpharmacological Possibilities of Treatment

References

Miyoshi_Ch16_O.pdf

Alzheimer’s Disease in Japan: Current Situation and Issues of the Care for Persons with Dementia

Introduction

Early Detection and Diagnosis

Supporting the Human Rights of Persons with Dementia

Issues for the Future

References

Miyoshi_Ch17_O.pdf

AD-FTLD Spectrum: New Understanding of the Neurodegenerative Process from the Study of Risk Genes

Genes for AD and FTLD

Progranulin and TDP-43

Copy Number Variation, miRNA, and Neurodegeneration

AD-FTLD Spectrum

References

Miyoshi_Ch18_O.pdf

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Introduction

Pathology and Etiology

Clinical Features

Investigations

Diagnostic Criteria

References

Miyoshi_Ch19_O.pdf

Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease with Dementia Within the Spectrum of Lewy Body Disease

Introduction

History of PD and DLB

DLB and PDD Within the Spectrum of Lewy Body Disease

References

Miyoshi_Ch20_O.pdf

Clinicopathological Characterizationof Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration

Introduction

Pick Disease

FTLD-LDH

FTLD-MND

Comments

References

Miyoshi_Ch21_O.pdf

Diffuse Neurofibrillary Tangles with Calcification

Introduction

Case Presentation

Epidemiology of DNTC

Characteristics of Clinical Symptoms

Pathological Characteristics

NFTs

Characteristics of Degenerative Tau Protein

Electron Microscopy Findings

Calcification

Cerebrovascular Lesions

Lewy Body Pathology

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch22_O.pdf

Ayahuasca: Current Interest in an Ancient Ritual

Introduction

Description of an Ayahuasca Ceremony

Conclusions

References

Miyoshi_Ch23_O.pdf

The Molecular Genetics of Suicide

Introduction

Molecular Genetics of Suicide

Conclusion

References

Miyoshi_Ch24_O.pdf

Brief History and Current Status of the International Neuropsychiatric Association

Introduction

The Beginning: The First Congress in Seville

The Reorganization: The Second Congress in Toronto

The Springboard: The Third Congress in Kyoto

The Jump: The Fourth Congress in Buenos Aires

The Collaborations: The Fifth Congress in Athens

The Widening: The Sixth Congress in Sydney

The Latest: The Seventh Congress in Cancun

Regional Activities

The Coming INA Meetings

Current Status of the INA

Officers and INA Office

Executive Committee

International Committee

Awards

Journal

Relationships to National Neuropsychiatric Associations

Future Direction

Miyoshi_Ch25_O.pdf

Core Curriculum in Neuropsychiatry of the International Neuropsychiatric Association*

Background

Goals of the Training Program

Structure of the NP Training Program

Objectives

Attitude Objectives

Knowledge Objectives

Skills Objectives

A Survey of Required Competencies in Neuropsychiatry

Core Skills Module

Specific Competencies

Knowledge Base in Neuroscience

Clinical Skills in Neuropsychiatry

Critical Thinking in Neuropsychiatry: Research and Scholarship

Specific Modules

Module 2.1: Cognitive Disorders

Specific Competencies

Diagnostic Techniques

Be familiar with the main principles involved in the management and treatment of cognitive disorders and of dementias

How Taught

How Assessed

Module 2.2: Seizure Disorders

Specific Competencies

Module 2.3: Movement Disorders

Specific Competencies

Suggested Learning Methods

Suggested Assessment Method: Clinic Logbook

Module 2.4: Traumatic Brain Injury

Clinical Settings

Specific Competencies

Suggested Learning Methods

Module 2.5: Secondary Psychiatric Syndromes and Delirium

Clinical Settings

Specific Competencies

Suggested Learning Methods

Module 2.6: Substance-Induced Neuropsychiatric Syndromes

Clinical Settings

Specific Competencies

Suggested Learning Methods

Module 2.7: Attentional and Dysexecutive Syndromes (Including Adult ADHD)

Clinical Settings

Specific Competencies

Suggested Learning Methods

Module 2.8: General Hospital Liaison Neuropsychiatry

Key Competencies

Learning and Assessment Methods

Module 2.9: Developmental Neuropsychiatry

Preamble

Skills in Developmental Neuropsychiatry

Specific Competencies

Learning and Assessment Methods

Module 2.10: Sleep Disorders

Specific Competencies

Diagnostic Techniques

Management

Suggested Learning Methods

Suggested Assessment Methods

Module 2.11: Rehabilitation Neuropsychiatry

Clinical Settings

Knowledge

Skills

Learning and Assessment Methods

Module 2.12: Forensic Neuropsychiatry

Key Competencies

Learning and Assessment Methods

Recommended Reading

Miyoshi_Index_O.pdf