Normative conditions to make WTO law more responsive to the needs of developing countries - Normative Bedingungen der stärkeren Ausrichtung des WTO-Rechts auf die Bedürfnisse von Entwicklungsländern

Vorwort

Contents – Overview

Table of Contents

Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Trade and development

A. DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH

I. Development as a multidimensional concept

II. Classifications of developing countries and the worldwide amount of poverty

III. Growth in developing economies

IV. Sectoral development

B. OPENNESS

I. Openness as growth driver

II. The debate on openness and growth

III. Trade policy for developing countries

C. TRADE

D. MARKET

I. Tariffs

II. Support programs

III. Standards

E. SUMMARY

Chapter 3: The evolution of special and differential treatment

A. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT UNDER THE GATT

I. The first phase of special and differential treatment: development as a domestic matter

II. The second phase of special and differential treatment: nonreciprocity between developed and developing countries

B. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT IN THE WTO

I. The third phase of special and differential treatment: reciprocity in the Uruguay Round

II. The fourth phase of special and differential treatment: the search for a new relationship between developed and developing countries in the Doha Round

C. CONCLUDING

Chapter 4: Trade in goods

A. THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE (GATT)

I. Art. XVIII GATT: flexibility for developing countries

II. Part IV of the GATT: safeguarding the interests and increasing the trade opportunities of developing countries:

III. The Enabling Clause: preferential market access for developing countries

B. THE AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE (AOA)

I. General rights and obligations

II. Special and differential treatment

III. Doha Round

C. THE AGREEMENT ON SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS)

I. General rights and obligations

II. Special and differential treatment

D. THE AGREEMENT ON TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT)

I. General rights and obligations

II. Special and differential treatment

E. THE AGREEMENT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE VII OF THE GATT (AGREEMENT ON CUSTOMS VALUATION, CVA)

F. THE AGREEMENT ON IMPORT-LICENSING PROCEDURES (ILP)

G. THE AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES (SCM)

I. General rights and obligations

II. Special and differential treatment

H. THE AGREEMENT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTICLE VI OF THE GATT (ANTI-DUMPING AGREEMENT, ADA)

I. General obligations

II. Special and differential treatment

I. THE AGREEMENT ON SAFEGUARDS (SA)

I. General obligations

II. Special and differential treatment

J. THE AGREEMENT ON TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES (TRIMS)

I. General obligations

II. Special and differential treatment

Chapter 5: Trade in services

A. OBLIGATIONS UNDER GATS

I. General obligations and disciplines

II. Specific commitments

III. The annexes and protocols to the agreement

B. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT

Chapter 6: Protection of intellectual property

A. OBLIGATIONS UNDER TRIPS

I. General obligations and principles

II. Specific obligations regarding the availability of IPRs

B. SPECIAL AND DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT

Chapter 8: Reforming special and differential treatment

A. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS

I. Addressing differences among developing countries

II. Specifying developing country concerns

III. Limitations

IV. Next steps

B. MARKET ACCESS

I. Trade in goods

II. Trade in services

C. WTO RULES: IMPACT ON DOMESTIC REGULATION

I. Current reform proposals

II. Standards liberalization

III. Protection against imports, promotion of exports, and domestic support

IV. Contingency measures

V. Intellectual property

D. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECTIVE AID FOR TRADE

Chapter 9: Conclusion

Chapter 10: Deutsche Zusammenfassung

A. EINLEITUNG

B. HANDEL UND ENTWICKLUNG

C. DIE VORZUGSBEHANDLUNG DER ENTWICKLUNGSLÄNDER IM GATT/WTO-SYSTEM

D. DIE SONDER- UND VORZUGSBEHANDLUNG DER ENTWICKLUNGSLÄNDER IN EINZELNEN WTO-ABKOMMEN

I. Warenhandel

II. Dienstleistungshandel

III. Handelsbezogene Aspekte der Rechte des geistigen Eigentums

IV. Streitbeilegung

E. REFORM DER VORZUGSBEHANDLUNG DER ENTWICKLUNGSLÄNDER

I. Differenzierung und Graduation

II. Marktzugang unter WTO-Abkommen

III. Harmonisierung und nationale Regulierung unter WTOAbkommen

F. SCHLUSSGEDANKEN